1. Building for travel made by: Pankova Irina Vadimovna
Tyumen, gymnasium№1

2. Tunnels and bridges
People cross mountains by car or train and they cross water by boat but these journeys take time. Tunnels can go under mountains and under water. They make journeys much quicker.

3. Tunnels
A tunnel is an enormous tube and a tube is a very strong shape. When engineers build tunnels, they use cut and cover methods. The longest tunnel in the world is in Norway. It is more than 24 km long.

4. The Channel Tunnel
The Channel Tunnel joins England France. It is a railway tunnel and it goes under the sea. Engineers used four TBMs at the same time to cut the tunnel.

5. TBM (a Tunnel Boring Machine)
How does it work? Task- Put the words into correct order (SVO) 1 and rock. It the earth into bores 2 it and rock away. clears It cuts 3 can each clear It and metres cut day.

6. Read labels and captions and complete the sentences
1 The Channel Tunnel joins ___ and ____ . 2 It’s __ km long. 3 There are__ tunnels under the English Channel. 4 It's the longest ___ tunnel in the world. 5 There are ___s every 375 m. 6 If you want to visit France, you should travel to____. 7 If you want to visit England, you should travel to___.

7. Bridges
There are many different kinds of bridge. The beam bridge is the simplest kind of bridge. This kind of bridge cannot cross a very wide river. An arch bridge can support a lot of weight so it can hold up a longer bridge. Some bridges are made of more than one arch. Suspension bridges are designed by engineers to cross wide rivers and sea channels. The bridge is supported by strong cables.

8. Answer What? Why? When? How? Where? Who? questions
1 .What tunnels and bridges do you know?
2. Why do people build tunnels and bridges?
3. When is a TBM used?
4. How are suspension bridges supported?
5. Where is the longest road tunnel?
6. Who travels by car/boat/ train/plane?