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Advanced Essay Structure: Order and Transitions Moving from a list of related ideas to a cohesive and persuasive whole.
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Order Which is the proper order? The order you thought of your ideas in? Alternating between important and unimportant? Starting with the most important and ending with the least important? Starting with the least important and ending with the most important?
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Finding Order in the Disordered World of Writing Order of Importance Chronological or Sequential Order sequence of time Spatial Orderphysical description Logical Orderpoints that build upon one another
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Connecting in Order Once you have the order of your ideas set through outlining or drafting and revision you can help the reader understand that order through the use of transitions
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Transitions... Connect ideas within paragraphs through words and phrases: Sequence: again, first, also, finally, etc. Comparison: similarly, in the same way, etc. Cause: because, since, due to, as a result, etc. Space: above, below, adjacent, etc. Examples: such as, for instance, in particular, etc.
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Content Transitions Transitions also connect body paragraphs by showing how ideas are related to one another and to your thesis. Transitions may be located in the clincher sentence of the paragraph or in the topic sentence of the following paragraph.
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Paragraph without Transitions Thesis: Schools should not be allowed to test students due to the costs and inherent fairness issues involved in drug testing. Body Paragraph 1: Developing, implementing, and administering a testing program is very costly. Start-up costs include choosing a test provider, buying or developing tracking data bases, and setting up a procedure for selection of subjects, handling of test materials, and communicating results. Implementation costs include hiring professionals or training staff to administer the tests and setting up an appropriate test site. Administration costs include hiring an administrator to oversee all aspects of the testing, such as handling punishments and appeals. Body Paragraph 2: Drug testing can result in inaccurate test results and biased administration.
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Paragraph with Transitions Thesis: While drug testing might have a beneficial effect for some students, schools should not be allowed to drug test students due to the costs and inherent fairness issues involved in testing. Body Paragraph 1: The costs involved in developing, implementing, and administering a testing program make it an unwise choice. Start-up costs include choosing a test provider, buying or developing tracking data bases, and setting up a procedure for selection of subjects, handling of test materials, and communicating results. In addition to these costs, implementation of the program would require hiring professionals or training staff to administer the tests and setting up an appropriate test site. Similarly, administration costs include hiring an administrator to oversee all aspects of the testing, including handling punishments and appeals. The level of expenditure necessary to run a testing program properly is high, but the risk of injustice if not enough money is spent on such a program is higher. Body Paragraph 2: It is possible to run a testing program more cheaply, but this would increase the already present danger of inaccurate results or biased administration.
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Summary By showing how ideas relate to one another, transitions provide clarity to your thinking, direction to your reader, and unity to your essayand lets not forget points to your grade.
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