1. Structure and Function of the Cell
Introduction 4 - 1

2. Discovery of the Cell
In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork.
In 1673, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe living cells.

3. The Cell Theory
All Living Things are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.
Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells.

4. Trio of German Scientists
In 1838, Botanist Matthias Schleiden concluded Plants were made of cells.

5. Trio of German Scientists
In 1839, Zoologist Theodor Schwann concluded Animals were made of cells.

6. Trio of German Scientists
In 1855, Physician Rudolf Virchow reasoned that cells come only from other cells.

7. Cell Diversity
Not all Cells are alike. They differ in :
Size
Shape
Internal Organization

8. Cell Cell Theory Eukaryote Cell Membrane Key Vocabulary Nucleus
Organelle
Prokaryote

9. Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell
Section 4 - 2

10. The word part “EU” means “True” and “Kary” means “Nucleus.”
Eukaryotic Cells
The word part “EU” means “True” and “Kary” means “Nucleus.”

11. Eukaryotic Cells
The structures that make up a eukaryotic cell are determined by the specific functions carried out by the cell. Thus, there is no typical eukaryotic cell.

12. Examples

13. And

14. Eukaryotic Cells
Generally have three main components:
A cell membrane
A nucleus
Other Organelles

15. Selectively permeable Made primarily of lipids and proteins
Cell Membrane
Selectively permeable
Made primarily of lipids and proteins
(go to 5 )
Open Multimedia Power point and go to chapter 5 for membrane info.

16. Organelles
Between the Cell Membrane and the Nucleus lies the Cytoplasm.- A gelatin-like aqueous fluid called the Cytosol.
The Cytoplasm contains the Organelles of the cells.

17. Mitochondria The power plants of the cell.
The site where most ATP is made.
Has its own DNA.
Has a double membrane referred to as the outer and inner- the inner is composed of many folds called the Cristae.
Endosymbiosis theory.
Believed to be related to Prokaryotes.

18. Endosymbiosis theory
A hypothesis about the origin of the eukaryotic cell, maintaining that the forerunners of eukaryotic cells were symbiotic associations of prokaryotic cells living inside larger prokaryotes.
Symbiosis.
An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact.

19. Ribosomes The most numerous organelle.
Important role in synthesis of proteins.
An assemblage of RNA and Proteins.
Some are free in the Cytosol and others are attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

20. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Attached or surrounding the Nucleus.
Rough ER.
Prominent in cells that make large amounts of proteins.
Smooth ER.
involved in the regulation of calcium in muscle cells.

21. Golgi Apparatus
Is the processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell (UPS)
Looks similar to the ER but not attached to it.

22. Lysosomes
Spherical organelles that enclose hydrolytic enzymes with in single membranes.
Digests: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA, and RNA. (janitors)

23. Lysosome
Microfilament
Rough ER
Golgi Apparatus
Smooth ER

24. Cytoskeletons Microfilaments and Microtubules
They are designed to provide structure and support to the cell.

25. Cilia and Flagella Cilia"silly-ah",
is a hair-like structure that provides movement to a cell.
Flagella"fla-gel-ah."
is a tail-like structure found on unicellular organisms to provide movement by use of a whipping motion.
Both are composed of 9 pairs of microtubules arranged around a central pair.

26. Cilia cross-section