1. The Industrialists & Politics in the Gilded Age
US History
Mrs. Lacks

2. Inventions that promoted change
1st Industrial Revolution
2nd Industrial Revolution

3. First Industrial Revolution:
Late 18th century to 1860
Cotton gin
Steel plow
Sewing machine
Rotary press
Early train
Mechanical reaper
Telegraph

4. Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910)
Railroad expansion
Pullman Cars
Connected country
Black Gold (oil, kerosene)
Steel (via the Bessemer Process)

5. George Pullman designed a sleeping car including the services of supplying the linens, housekeeping, and attendants for the sleeping cars, making train travel much more comfortable. Pullman’s car gained much attention after it housed President’s Lincoln’s body through 8 states during the funeral procession.
Created by Katherine Lacks

6. Right: First skyscraper Home Insurance Building Chicago, Illinois 1885
Created by Katherine Lacks
Top: Brooklyn Bridge
Right: First skyscraper
Home Insurance Building
Chicago, Illinois
1885
10 stories
1st building to use structural steel as its frame

7. Created by Katherine Lacks

8. Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910)
Electricity
Thomas Alva Edison
Menlo Park research lab (1880)
system for producing and distributing electricity
becomes inexpensive, convenient, safer
inspires new inventions - household appliances, electric streetcars
manufacturing plants could be located anywhere (not just near water)

9. Created by Katherine Lacks
Edison’s voice, 1888

10. Created by Katherine Lacks

11. Edison’s electricity plant, Boston Edison’s lab in Menlo Park, NJ
Thomas Edison
Created by Katherine Lacks
Edison’s electricity plant, Boston
Edison’s lab in Menlo Park, NJ

12. Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910)
Typewriter: Christopher Sholes (1867)
Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell (1876)
sewing machine: demand for professional garment workers (men, women, kids), long work hours, unhealthy conditions
(All three opened new jobs for women)

13. Created by Katherine Lacks
Telephone

14. The first "Sholes & Glidden Typewriter" went on the market in 1874 with lukewarm results. Remington engineers made improvements a few years later and sales skyrocketed.
Created by Katherine Lacks

15. 1885 ad for Remington typewriters 1889 ad to train secretaries
Created by Katherine Lacks

16. George Pullman, Railroad Sleeper Car
Ritty, Cash Register
Created by Katherine Lacks
George Pullman, Railroad Sleeper Car
Elisha Otis, Elevator

17. The Men Who Built America
AKA the Industrialists, the Entrepreneurs, the Captains of Industry, or the Robber Barons
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
J.P. Morgan

19. Cornelius Vanderbilt 1794 – 1877
Started a ferry service from Stanton Is to Manhattan at age 16
Was so profitable, soon had fleet

20. Cornelius Vanderbilt Started to invest in railroads
Owned only railroad coming into NYC
Built Grand Central Station
Tried to buy out all other railroad companies
Was successful in owning almost half of all US railroads by his death

22. Created by Katherine Lacks
Biltmore

23. Built by George Washington Vanderbilt between 1888 & 1895 Ashville, NC
Largest privately owned home in the US
255 rooms; 175,000 sq. ft.
Created by Katherine Lacks

24. Created by Katherine Lacks

25. Created by Katherine Lacks

26. George Washington Vanderbilt
Created by Katherine Lacks
George Washington Vanderbilt

27. Summer home of Vanderbilt
Created by Katherine Lacks
The Breakers
Newport, RI
Summer home of Vanderbilt

28. Vanderbilt’s grandson
Marble House
Newport, RI
Vanderbilt’s grandson
Created by Katherine Lacks

29. John D. Rockefeller 1839 – 1937 Standard Oil
Considered richest man of all time

30. John D. Rockefeller Grew up very poor in western NY
Became a bookkeeper
Started a small oil business in Cleveland, OH – Standard Oil
Republican, abolitionist
Devout Christian

31. John D. Rockefeller Made a deal with Vanderbilt
Used horizontal integration to gain monopoly over oil industry
Kerosene lamps
Oil pipeline

34. John D. Rockefeller Philanthropist Tithed 10% of each paycheck
Gave millions to start numerous colleges:
University of Chicago
Spelman University (1st college from black women)
Central Philippine University
Rockefeller University (medical research)

36. Andrew Carnegie
1835 – 1919
First man to mass produce steel using the Bessemer Process
Federal Steel Co. (Pittsburgh), and many more
“built modern America”

37. Andrew Carnegie
Monopoly over steel production (bridges, first skyscrapers, railroads, etc)
Vertical immigration
Eventually sold Federal Steel Co. to JP Morgan (became US Steel)
Great philanthropist
gave an est. $4.6 billion to charity
“Gospel of Wealth”

38. Carnegie Hall and Carnegie Hall Tower, Seventh Street, New York, NY
Created by Katherine Lacks
Carnegie Hall and Carnegie Hall Tower, Seventh Street, New York, NY

39. John Pierpont Morgan
1837 – 1937
Banking & finance

40. J.P. Morgan
Bought, financed, and formed many staple American companies:
US Steel
General Electric (GE)
American Telephone & Telegraph
Many, many more, including over 20 railroad companies

41. J.P. Morgan lived his life on a large scale, spending massive amounts of money, gambling, on “toys” like yachts, huge parties, palatial homes and art. One of his famous quotes, “If you have to ask how much it costs you can’t afford it”, typifies his beliefs about money.
Created by Katherine Lacks

42. Captains of Industry? Revolutionized American industry
Connected the country
Created 1000s of jobs
Gave millions to charity

43. Robber Barons? Always looking for an edge to stay on top
Poor working conditions, long hours (pre- government regulation)