1. UTILITARIANISM CONSEQUENTIALISM
J.S. MILL
(1863)

2. GENERAL ORIENTATION NO ABSOLUTE OR UNIVERSAL LAW
PRESUPPOSES EMPIRICAL METHOD OF SCIENCE
INFLUENCE OF EVOLUTIONARY AND SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING
SOCIAL FEELINGS FOR HUMANKIND
METHOD FOR MAKING MORAL DECISIONS

3. FOUNDATIONS EPICUREAN ORIGINS (4TH CENTURY B.C.)
GOAL OF HUMAN LIFE IS HAPPINESS AS DEFINED BY PLEASURE
HIERARCHY OF PLEASURES
INTELLECTUAL OVER SENSORY
LONG TERM OVER SHORT TERM
INTENSE OVER MODERATE
PLEASURE OF THE MANY OVER PLEASURE OF THE FEW
ACTIONS ARE GOOD OR BAD INSOFAR AS THEY ARE USEFUL FOR PRODUCING PLEASURE OR PAIN

4. BALANCING THE OUTCOMES
WEIGHING BURDENS AGAINST BENEFITS
COST VS. BENEFITS
“WHAT AM I WILLING TO ENDURE IN ORDER TO GAIN THE ADVANTAGES I SEEK?”
WEIGHING QUALITY OF PLEASURE AGAINST QUANTITY OF PLEASURE
WEIGHING THE OUTCOME OF VALUES
PROBLEM: WEIGHING INCOMMENSURABLES

5. MAJOR PRINCIPLE
ONE SHOULD ACT SO AS TO MAXIMIZE THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF PLEASURE FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PERSONS, AFFECTED BY THE ACTION, OVER THE LONGEST PERIOD OF THIME, ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.

6. DIFFICULTIES WEIGHING INCOMMENSURABLES
IDENTIFYING THE SPHERES OF INFLUENCE OF THOSE AFFECTED BY THE ACTION
WEIGHING THE INTENSITY OF THE FEW (ONE) AGAINST THE INTERESTS OF THE MANY
IDENTIFYING VALUES THAT HAVE LONG TERM EFFECTS