1. Next Assignment
Presentation on genome editing
Crispr- associated nucleases
Homing endonucleases
Zinc-finger nucleases
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)
Triple-helix–forming oligonucleotides conjugated to restriction endonucleases
CRE/LOX system

2. Cytoplasmic regulation
lifetime
localization
initiation

3. Post-transcriptional regulation
Nearly ½ of human genome is transcribed, only 1% is CDS
98% of RNA made is non-coding
~1/3 intron
~2/3 “independently transcribed”
Polymerases II & III (+ IV & V in plants) all help
many are from transposons or gene fragments made by transposons (pack-MULES)
~ 10-25% is anti-sense: same region is transcribed off both strands

4. Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
Overlapping genes

5. Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
Overlapping genes
Non-coding RNAs

6. Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
Overlapping genes
Non-coding RNAs
cDNA pairs

7. Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
Overlapping genes
Non-coding RNAs
cDNA pairs
MPSS

8. Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
Overlapping genes
Non-coding RNAs
cDNA pairs
MPSS
TARs

9. Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
Hypotheses
Accident: transcription unveils “cryptic promoters” on opposite strand (Zilberman et al)

10. Hypotheses
1. Accident: transcription unveils “cryptic promoters” on opposite strand (Zilberman et al)
2. Functional
siRNA
miRNA
Silencing

11. Hypotheses
1. Accident: transcription unveils “cryptic promoters” on opposite strand (Zilberman et al)
2. Functional
siRNA
miRNA
Silencing
Priming: chromatin remodeling requires transcription!