1. Warm-Up
Write a short paragraph in your notes using as many of the following words as possible
Monomer -Variety
Polymer -Macromolecules
Organic Chemistry -Large
Carbon -Protein

2. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

3. Chemical Reactions
A process that changes one set of chemicals into another

4. Chemical Reactions
A process that changes one set of chemicals into another
Some occur slowly (rust on a bicycle)

5. Chemical Reactions
A process that changes one set of chemicals into another
Some occur quickly
(atomic bomb)

6. Chemical Reactions H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2
Reactants – go into the chemical reaction
Products – made by the chemical reaction

7. Chemical Reactions
Always involve BREAKING BONDS in reactants and FORMING NEW bonds in products
So they also involve changes in ENERGY

8. ENERGY in REACTIONS
Chemical reactions that release energy occur SPONTANEOUSLY
Chemical reactions that absorb energy need an ENERGY SOURCE

9. Feeling HOT, HOT, HOT?
The cellulose in your paper releases energy (burns) in the presence of oxygen.
Will it light on fire now??
Only if we give it enough energy to get started…this is called the ACTIVATION ENERGY

10. Activation Energy
The energy needed to get a reaction started.

11. Lowering Activation Energy
Catalyst – substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction
ENZYMES – proteins that act as catalysts
Speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells
Lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction

12. Lowering Activation Energy

13. Demonstration

14. How Enzymes Work Enzymes are very specific
Each enzyme binds to a specific substrate (the reactant of a reaction)
Enzymes are named for the substrate they bind to with –ase added to the end
Amylase is the enzyme for starch called amylose
Sucrase acts on the sugar sucrose
Peroxidase breaks down peroxide in the body

15. Anabolic – Make ‘em

16. Catalytic – Break ‘em

17. Factors affecting Enzymes
Anything that would affect a normal chemical reaction pH
Temperature
Most enzymes work best at a temperature of 37°C.
Why?