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Advanced Periodic Trends and Structures of the Elements

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Presentation on theme: "Advanced Periodic Trends and Structures of the Elements"— Presentation transcript:

1 Advanced Periodic Trends and Structures of the Elements

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13 Trends Down a Group:

14 Trends Across a Period:
Effective Nuclear Charge: Z* = Z – S

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21 Chemical Structures of the Elements

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23 Thermodynamics Review:
G = H - TS Bond Strength Favored by strong bonds. Freedom of Movement Favored by more particles. Example: Cl-Cl vs. Cl Cl Cl-Cl bond strength = 242 kJ/mol So (Cl) = 165 J/Kmol So (Cl2) = 223 J/Kmol

24 Bonding Concerns and Trends:
a. Number of bonds b. Type of bonds: sigma vs. pi

25 Number of Bonds Possible: F, O

26 Type of bonds: sigma vs. pi
C vs. Si O vs. S

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28 Covalent Character of 2nd Period Elements
Larger charge density = more covalent character Charge density = Z/r Examples: Be, B, sometimes Li, F

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30 Unavailability of d-orbitals in 2nd period elements
NF3 OF2 F2

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33 The Diagonal Effect

34 The Lanthanide Contraction

35 The Metal-Nonmetal Line
Nonmetals gain electrons and form interactions with few atoms Metals lose electrons and form interactions with many atoms

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37 Summary

38 Chapter 10: Hydrogen

39 Synthesizing Hydrogen

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41 Hydrides

42 Structure and Bonding of Oxides

43 Chapter 11: Oxygen, Aqueous Solutions, Acid-Base Character of Oxides

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