1. Chapter 4, Section 2
Population Geography

2. Population grew exponentially during the industrial age 4.2
Birthrate -number of live births per 1,000 people
Fertility rate - the average number of children a woman can expect to have in her lifetime
2.1 is required to maintain a population
Mortality rate or Death rate – number of deaths per 1,000
Infant Mortality Rate – the number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births
Rate of Natural Increase = Birthrate minus Death Rate (plus or minus migration)

3. A population pyramid is a graphic that shows age and sex distribution of a population

4. People are NOT distributed evenly across the earth
Almost 2/3 of the population lives between 20° N and 60°N
Warm enough
Wet enough
Near coasts and river valleys
Lightly populated areas are polar regions, heavily mountainous regions, rain forests and deserts

5. Currently more than half the world’s population lives in rural areas
This number is changing rapidly
People are moving to cities
Particularly cities of more than 1 million people
Twenty-six giant cities, known as megacities have a total of 250 million people
Tokyo has 28 million
These cities struggle with problems of overcrowding and sanitation

6. Migration-Reasons for migrating are sometimes called push-pull factors
Environmental conditions such as drought
Political oppression
War
Religious persecution
Strong economies/jobs
Favorable climate
Political and religious freedoms
Reconnect family

7. More population
Population density is the average number of people per a square unit of land
Can be misleading
Areas within region may be unevenly populated
Most people in Egypt live in the Nile Valley
A better concept for comparison may be carrying capacity – based on the ability of the land to support a population
A region with fertile land may support more people
The carrying capacity may rise due to technology
Irrigation
Mechanized farming
Cities