1. Chapter 8 & 9 Obsessive-Compulsive
and Related Disorders & Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
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2. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Hoarding Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hair-Pulling and Skin-Picking Disorders
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3. Table 8.1 The DSM-5 in Simple Language: Diagnosing OCD (p. 282)
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4. Hoarding Disorder Persistent inability to discard useless items
Leads to severe cluttering of personal living spaces
Associated with high levels of disability and impairment
Commonly hoarded items
Paper, books, clothing, containers
Animals may also be hoarded
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5. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance
Skin, hair, nose, stomach, weight, breasts/chest, eyes, thighs, teeth
Performance of repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to appearance-related concerns
Relatively frequent among plastic surgery and dermatology patients
Muscle dysmorphia
A form of BDD found almost exclusively among men
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6. Hair-Pulling and Skin-Picking Disorders
Hair-Pulling Disorder (AKA Trichotillomania)
Repetitive pulling out of one’s hair despite repeated attempts to stop
Scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows
Results in noticeable hair loss and significant distress or impairment
Skin-Picking Disorder (AKA Excoriation Disorder)
Recurrent skin picking despite repeated attempts to stop
Results in skin lesions and significant distress or impairment
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7. Causes & Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
The Role of Genetics
Neurobiological Factors
Cognitive-Behavioral Factors
Social Factors
Treatment
rTMS
Medications
SSRIs
CBT
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
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8. Figure 9.1 The Process of Stress (p. 307)
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9. Table 9.1 Typical Reactions to Stress (p. 310)
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10. Psychological Reactions to Stress
Resilience and Stress
Most people are exposed to significant stressors in their lives, but only a minority develop post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic growth (PTG)
Individuals surpass their pre-trauma well-being, usually after a period of post-trauma distress
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11. Table 9.2 The DSM-5 in Simple Language: Diagnosing Adjustment Disorders (p. 319)
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12. Table 9.3 The DSM in Simple Language: Diagnosing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (p. 325)
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13. Mental Disorders after Stress and Trauma
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Fewer than a third of people exposed to horrible trauma will experience PTSD symptoms
Events known to precipitate PTSD:
War, natural disasters, serious accidents, torture, various forms of abuse
Acute stress disorder is often diagnosed first:
Trauma-related symptoms beginning within 1 month after the trauma and lasting more than 2 days but less than 1 month
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14. Mental Disorders after Stress and Trauma
Treatment of PTSD
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
Cognitive restructuring, systematic desensitization, training in coping strategies
Drug treatments
Medication is a second-line treatment
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the only approved medication for PTSD
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