1. Organic [ ]n REACTION PATHWAYS < > < < < < < <
Br— C — C — Br H Br |
H—C — C — H H OH |
used in antifreeze and
for making terylene
H—C — C — H H Br |
Organic
REACTION
PATHWAYS
Elimination
H—CC — H
ETHYNE (sp, b =180°)
1,1,2,2 TETRABROMOETHANE
Oxidising
Agent
Cr2O72- /
MnO4- / H+
Oxidation
MnO4- / H+
ETHANE-1,2-DIOL
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
Addition
H2 / Ni ~ 200°C
C — C O OH
< HO
>
used as
petrol
additive
Electrophilic
Addition
Br2 (unsat. Test)
OXALIC ACID
Electrophilic
Addition
H2 / Ni ~ 200°C
H—C — C — H H |
Substitution
Br2 / U.V.
H—C — C — H + HBr H | Br
>C = C < H
—CH2—CH2—
[ ]n
Benzoyl Peroxide Catalyst
Catalytic Cracking
H2 / Ni
Chain
Rxn.
Temp / Pressure
Addition Polymerisation
(free radical)
ETHENE (sp2, b =120°)
POLYETHENE
ETHANE (sp3, b =109.5°)
BROMOETHANE
Hydrolysis
dilute H2SO4
Elimination
Heat > 170°C
xs conc. H2SO4
FURTHER SUBSTITUTION
Electrophilic Addition
Markovnikov’s Rule
KBr + conc H2SO4  HBr
xs alcohol
conc. H2SO4 < 170°C H H | H | H |
FURTHER
SUBSTITUTION |
H — C — C — O — C — C — H
H—C — C — H H | Br
H—C — C — OH H |
Fermentation |
H—C — C H | O
OC2H
<
ETHYL ETHANOATE
HBr, PCl5, PCl3
+ Na (Act. of OH)
Sugar
Barley
Potatoes H
H—C — C — H H |
NH2
AMINOETHANE
(1° Amine)
NH3
(SN1, SN2)
ETHOXY ETHANE
(diethyl ether)
Reflux with dil. aq.
Alkali (SN1, SN2)
Hydrolysis: [OH-]
+ H2O
BROMOETHANE
ETHANOL (1° Alcohol)
H—C — C — O-Na+ + ½ H2 H |
Hydrolysis
H+ / OH-
KCN Polar Solvent
SN1/SN2 ascend the
homologous Series
Oxidation
(First Stage)
Cr2O72- / H+
MnO4- / H+
Reduction
LiAlH4
Esterification
conc. H2SO4
Sodium Ethoxide
H—C — C H | O
O+Na-
<
Decend
Hofmann
Degradation
H—C — C — CN H |
PROPANONITRILE
H—C — C H | O
<
Used as breathyliser test
H—C — C H | O OH
<
HCl
Further Oxidation
Cr2O72- / H+
NaOH
NH3
SODIUM ETHANOATE
conc.
HCl
H—C — C H | O
O-NH4+
<
ETHANOAMIDE
ETHANAL (acetaldehyde)
ETHANOIC ACID
P2O5
Reduction
LiAlH4 (4[H])
Dilute Acid
(HCl)
Ca(OH)2
H—C — C — C H | O OH
<
H—C — C — C H | O
NH2
<
(CH3COO)2Ca
PROPANOAMIDE (1°)
H—C — C — C — N< H |
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
H—C — CN H |
Dehydrate
P2O5
Red-Orange ppte
Ethanal-2-4-dinitro-
-phenylhydrazine
PROPANOIC ACID
2,4-dinitrophenyl-
hydrazine
ETHANONITRILE
BY: ALI LAKHANI