1. Lipids:

2. Concentrated energy molecules
Lipids
Concentrated energy molecules

3. Lipids Examples Triglyclerides Waxes Phospholipids
a) Oils- liquids at room temp
B) Fats- solids at room temp
Waxes
Phospholipids
Sterols- (lipid hormones)
sex hormones
testosterone (male)
estrogen (female)

4. Lipids Function: energy storage (triglycerides) cell membrane
very concentrated
twice the energy as carbohydrates!
Animals convert excess carbohydrates into fat
cell membrane
(phopsholipids)
cushions organs
insulates body
think whale blubber!

5. Structure of Fatty Acid
Nonpolar chain
Polar End

6. Forming Triglyceride
not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”

7. Structure of Triglyceride
not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”
3 fatty acids
1 glycerol
Ester link

8. Saturated fats Most animal fats Limit the amount in your diet
solid at room temperature
Limit the amount in your diet
contributes to heart disease
deposits in arteries

9. Unsaturated fats Plant, vegetable & fish fats
liquid at room temperature
the fat molecules don’t stack tightly together
Better choice in your diet

10. Saturated vs. unsaturated

11. Hydrogenated Fats Industrial process
Adds hydrogen atoms to the double bonds in unsaturated triglyceride (liquid fats, ie. Canola oil)
Converts them to semi-solid fats (ie. Margarine or shortening)

12. Other lipids in biology
Cholesterol
good molecule in cell membranes
make hormones from it
including sex hormones
but too much cholesterol in blood may lead to heart disease

13. Other lipids in biology
Cell membranes are made out of lipids
phospholipids
heads are on the outside touching water
“like” water
tails are on inside away from water
“scared” of water
forms a barrier between the cell & the outside