1. Personalized Medicine
Prof. Dr. Fridoon Jawad Ahmad
King Edward Medical University

2. A Few Decades Ago

3. Currently

4. In a Few Decades

5. Why Personalized Medicine
Not only we are different physically. We are also different biochemically.

6. Three Categories of Human Diseases
Genetically Determined
Determined by both Genetic and Environmental Factors
Environmentally Determined

7. Genetically Determined
Genetically determined diseases are hereditary and are passed on from one generation to next.
For example hemophilia, cystic fibrosis some types of cancers and probably the one most people here would have heard of thalassemia.

8. Determined by both Genetic and Environmental Factors
Many common human diseases are “multifactorial” which have two components
Genetic factor + Environmental Factor
Diabetes and hypertension classical examples of this category
Envoirnmental factors can change gene expression

9. Environmentally Determined
Such diseases are caused by environmental agent such as an allergen or a pathogen.
If look carefully even diseases considered caused by purely environmental influences may also have a genetic component e.g. asthma & susceptibility to certain microbial infections.

10. The Common Denominator
GENETIC
Implies the sequence DNA of patient
Know thy sequence
Likelihood

11. The Detection

12. Where Are My MinIONs

13. MinIONs to the Rescue

14. The principle

15. Full Genome Sequencing

16. The PCR Amplification Cycle
1 cycle = 3 steps

17. Animation

18. Knowing the Recipe Book Enough?

19. Do Have Live With Our Genes
Do Have Live With Our Genes? Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

20. The Cellular Approach

21. Stem Cells
1) Stem cells are unspecialized cells that renew themselves.
2) Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, Stem cells can be induced to become cells with special functions.
Embryonic
Adult
Customized

22. Customized Stem Cells

23. iPSCs
Expression of 4 genes in some cells can transform them into pluripotent stem cells. Cord Blood Stem Cells

24. Put Your Future In The Bank
Which Bank?
No tissue banking facilities in Pakistan.
Why the Banks?
Blood cancers
Tissue replacement & engineering

25. Organ Engineering

26. Biomedical Sciences @ KEMU

27. Biomedical Sciences @ KEMU
Ghazala Butt and Mehmood Chodhry

28. Biomedical Sciences @ KEMU
Mustahsan Basheer and Mehmood Chodhry

29. Future is Now
In just the last two years, the FDA approved four cancer drugs for use in patients whose tumours have specific genetic characteristics that are identified by a companion diagnostic test. Last year, FDA approved a new therapy for use in certain cystic fibrosis patients with a specific genetic mutation.

30. Three-dimensional (3D) printing
2013, three-dimensional (3D) printing was used to create a bio-resorbable tracheal splint for treating a critically-ill infant