1. Slide 1
Structure of
Plants

2. A. Functions of Roots Anchor & support plant in the ground
Slide 2
A. Functions of Roots
Anchor & support plant in the ground
Absorb water & minerals
Hold soil in place
Fibrous Roots
Root Hairs

3. B. Root Types
Slide 3
Tap Root
1. Fibrous Roots: branching roots hold soil in place to prevent soil erosion
Ex. Grasses
2. Tap Roots –larger central root reaches deep water sources underground
Ex. Trees, Carrots, & Dandelions

4. C. The Structure of a Root
Slide 4
Root Hairs
Root Hairs: increase surface area for water & mineral absorption
Meristem: region where new cells are produced
Root Cap: protects tip of growing root
Phloem
Xylem
Meristem
Root Cap

5. A. Functions of Stems Support system for plant body
Slide 5
Support system for plant body
Transport system carries water & nutrients
Holds leaves & branches upright
Looking at the picture to the left:
What years had the most rain?
What years experienced the worst drought?
Each light and dark tree ring equals one year of annual growth. Light rings for fast spring growth, dark for slow summer growth.
Smaller rings tell of past droughts that have occurred.

6. A. Functions of Leaves Main photosynthetic organ
Slide # 6
Main photosynthetic organ
Broad, flat surface increases surface area for light absorption
Have systems to prevent water loss:
Stomata (leaf underside) open in day but close at night, or when hot, to conserve water
waxy cuticle (leaf surface)
Stomata system of gas exchange:
Allow (reactant) carbon dioxide in and oxygen (product) out of leaf
Elephant Ear Plant

7. B. Leaf Structures Cuticle: waxy layer; covers upper surface
Slide # 7
Cuticle: waxy layer; covers upper surface
Protects leaf against water loss
Veins: transports water, nutrients and food
Made of xylem and phloem
Mesophyll: contains cells that perform photosynthesis
because they contain Chloroplasts.
Leaf Cross-Section
Cuticle
Veins
Mesophyll
Stoma
(Opening)
2 Guard Cells
Surround
each
Stoma
Stoma- singular
Stomata-plural

8. Structure of a Flower 1. Pistil: female reproductive structure-
Slide # 12
Filament
Anther
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Pistil
Petal
Sepal
Ovule
Stamen
1. Pistil: female reproductive structure-
Stigma: sticky tip; traps pollen
Style: slender tube; transports pollen from stigma to ovary
Ovary: contains ovules; ovary develops into fruit
Ovule: contains egg cell which develops into a seed when fertilized

9. Structure of a Flower Stamen: male reproductive structure-
Slide # 13
Filament
Anther
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Pistil
Petal
Sepal
Ovule
Stamen
Stamen: male reproductive structure-
Filament: thin stalk; supports anther
Anther: knob-like structure; produces pollen
Pollen: contains microscopic cells that become sperm cells

10. Hormone Action on Plants
Hormone-producing
cells
Hormone Action on Plants
Slide #17
A. Plant cells can produce hormones: chemical messengers that travel throughout the plant causing other cells called target cells to respond.
B. In plants, hormones control:
Plant growth & development
Plant responses to environment
Movement
of hormone
Target
cells
Cells in one blooming flower signals other blooms, using hormones, to open.

11. C. Plant cells will send signals to one another to tell them:
Slide # 18
C. Plant cells will send signals to one another to tell them:
When trees to drop their leaves.
When to start new growth.
When to cause fruit to ripen.
When to cause flowers to bloom.
When to cause seeds to sprout.
Leaf Drop
Tree Budding
Fruit
Ripening
Cactus
Blooming
Sprouting
Corn Seeds

12. Slide # 20
Plant Tropisms
1. Tropism: the way a plant grows in response to stimuli in the environment.
Phototropism: growth response to light
-Plants bend towards light
Geotropism: growth response to gravity
-plant roots grow down with gravity, shoots (stems) grow up against gravity and out of the soil.
Thigmotropism: growth response to touch
-vines grow up around trees, Venus Flytrap closes when leaves are touched