1. Six Kingdoms
Notes

2. The Six Kingdoms of Organisms
The six kingdoms of organisms are:
Archaebacteria……...Domain Archaea
Eubacteria……………Domain Bacteria
Protista
Fungi Domain Eukaryota
Plantae
Animalia

3. Obtaining Energy
Energy is essential to life. All living organisms must be able to obtain energy from the environment in which they live.

4. Obtaining Energy
Plants and other green organisms must be able to trap the light energy in sunlight and store it in the bonds of certain molecules for later use. These are called:
Autotrophs

5. Obtaining Energy
Other organisms cannot use sunlight. Instead, they eat green plants. In that way, they obtain the energy stored in plants. These are called:
Heterotrophs

6. Prokaryotic Organisms
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are the two kingdoms that are made up of prokaryotic organisms.

7. Prokaryotes
The prokaryotes are organisms with cells that lack a distinct nucleus, have a cell wall, are microscopic, and unicellular.
Nucleus – the organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA.
Unicellular – made up of one cell.
If there is no nucleus, is there DNA?

8. Prokaryotes Some are heterotrophs and some are autotrophs.
Autotrophs – they use energy from the sun or energy from chemicals to manufacture their own nutrients. They can make their own food.
Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on other organisms for energy and nutrients.

9. Archaebacteria
There are several hundred species of known archaebacteria and most of them live in extreme environments such as swamps, deep-ocean hydrothermal vents, and seawater evaporating ponds. Thus, they are called: extremophiles
Most of these environments
are oxygen-free. Organisms
that do not require oxygen
are called: anaerobic

10. Eubacteria
All of the other prokaryotes, about 5,000 species of bacteria, are classified in Kingdom Eubacteria.
Eubacteria have very strong cell walls and a less complex genetic makeup than found in archaebacteria.

11. Eubacteria
They live in most habitats except the extreme ones inhabited by the archaebacteria.
Although some eubacteria cause diseases, such as strep throat and pneumonia, most bacteria are harmless and many are actually helpful.

12. Bacteria Can they be beneficial? Yup!
Bacteria are important decomposers. They help recycle essential nutrients through the biosphere.

13. Eschericia coli live in the human digestive tract
Eschericia coli live in the human digestive tract. We couldn’t survive without them. These bacteria promote good health and the absorption of nutrients.

14. Eubacteria are used to produce foods such as yogurt, cheese, and pickles.

15. Humans are genetically engineering bacteria to produce drugs such as human insulin.

16. Bacteria are also used to make industrial chemicals, harvest metals from ore, treat raw sewage, and clean up polluted water.

17. Eukaryotes Contain a true (membrane-bound) nucleus.
Contain membrane-bound organelles.
What are organelles
again?
The tiny “organs” in a cell.
Examples:

18. Kingdom Protista
A Paramecium
Anal
pore
Kingdom Protista contains diverse species that share some characteristics.
Protists are usually one-celled and are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles) that lacks complex organ systems and live in moist environments.
Cilia
Oral
groove

19. Kingdom Protista
Although most protists are unicellular, some are multicellular.
Some are plantlike autotrophs, some are animal-like heterotrophs, and others are fungus like heterotrophs that produce reproductive structures like those of fungi.
Examples are amoebas, slime molds, kelp, and algae.

20. Fungi: Earth’s decomposers
Organisms in Kingdom Fungi are heterotrophs that do not move from place to place. They have cell walls (much like plants).
A fungus is either a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment.

21. Fungi: Earth’s decomposers
There are more than 50,000 known species of fungi.
Some examples are mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.

22. Plants: Multicellular oxygen producers
All of the organisms in Kingdom Plantae are multicellular, autotrophic eukaryotes.
None move from place to place.

23. Plants
Plants can photosynthesize. This means that they use the sun’s energy and convert it into energy they can use.
They have chloroplasts, which are green colored organelles that trap the energy from the sun.

24. Plants: Multicellular oxygen producers
A plant’s cells usually contain chloroplasts and have cell walls composed of cellulose.
Plant cells are organized into tissue that, in turn, are organized into organs and organ systems.

25. Plants: Multicellular oxygen producers
The oldest plant fossils are more than 400 million years old.
However, some scientists propose that plants existed on Earth’s landmasses much earlier than these fossils indicate.

26. Plants: Multicellular oxygen producers
There are more than 250,000 known species of plants.
Although you may be most familiar with flowering plants, there are many other types of plants, including mosses, ferns, grasses, and evergreens.

27. Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular consumers
Animals are multicellular heterotrophs.
Nearly all are able to move from place to place.
They are eukaryotes.
Animal cells do not have cell walls.

28. Animals: Multicellular consumers
Their cells are organized into tissues that, in turn, are organized into organs and complex organ systems.
Animals first appeared in the fossil record about 600 million years ago.
Examples include worms, insects, fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals (including humans!).