1. Feed Additives Dr. Özge SIZMAZ University of Ankara Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları

2. Toxin Binders
Toxin binders are used to reduce mycotoxicosis and be beneficial for livestock health and productivity. 
Mycotoxicosis can be occured by toxins produced by moulds.

3. Toxin Binders
What is mycotoxin??

4. Toxin Binders Aflatoxins Ochratoxin A Zearalenone Deoxynivalenol
T-2 toxin
Fumonisins.

5. Toxin Binders Aflatoxins Aspergillus flavus
T2 fusariotoxins   Fusarium spp.
Ochratoxins   Aspergillus ochraceus 
Rubratoxin   Penicillium rubrum 

6. Toxin Binders How can we reduce?
Reducing their absorption and bioavailability by using various mycotoxin binders.
The common of these are:
aluminosilicates
Bentonite
Montmorillonite
Zeolite
aqueus sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)
active carbons.

7. Toxin Binders 2. Using non-toxic metabolites:
indigestable complex carbonhydrates (bacterium and yeast cell walls)
Enzyme
Vitamin
amino-acid
synthetic polymers like cholestralamine, polivinil- polipirrolidon polymers (PVPP).

8. Toxin Binders
Toxin binders principle is coming from interactions between mycotoxins in the feed and binders with the consuming animal and the absorption across the digestive tract.

9. Toxin Binders Silicate binders
Silicates are divided into subclasses by their structures
The most common studied of these materials is a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS).

10. Toxin Binders Silicate binders
..can bind aflatoxin by chelating the β-dicarbonyl with uncoordinated metal ions in the clay materials
..can be mentioned“aflatoxin-selective clay,”
not a good adsorbent of other mycotoxins
not to be protective against multiple mycotoxins

11. Toxin Binders Silicate binders
Other silicates are: bentonites, zeolites, clinoptilolites and various others
The clay group is a subcategory of the phyllosilicates.
Bentonite; originating from volcanic ash and containing primarily montmorillonite
Montmorillonite; hydrated sodium calcium aluminum magnesium silicate hydroxide

12. Toxin Binders Silicate binders
Clays include a high concentration of water.
Zeolites; «tectosilicates»= can lose and absorb water by preventing their crystal structures.

13. Toxin Binders Organic polymers as binders Undigestible dietary fiber
For instance; alfalfa fiber zearalenone and T-2 toxin

14. Toxin Binders Organic polymers as binders
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (live yeast) is effective for aflatoxin in broiler diets.
The esterified glucan polymer may bind several mycotoxins (zearalenone and T2 toxin)

15. Toxin Binders Organic polymers as binders
Bacteria, esp. lactic acid bacteria, propionibacteria and bifidobacteria can bind mycotoxins (aflatoxin and some Fusarium mycotoxins)

16. Toxin Binders Desirable Characteristics of a Binder
must be effective at multiple mycotoxin without in some cases
should be significantly effect in animal toxicity

17. Toxin Binders Desirable Characteristics of a Binder
Should be practical and profitable.
should be no harmfull effects on the animal food product

18. Toxin Binders Desirable Characteristics of a Binder
should be physically usable in commercial feed company
should be verifiable