1. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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2. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Review the Korean War
Nuclear Arms Race
Unit Packs
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3. I. Peaceful Coexistence
i. Prior to “the Thaw” the superpowers had two major confrontations:
a. Berlin Airlift (1948)
b. Korean War ( )
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4. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Berlin Airlift
Blockade of Berlin began on June 24, ’48
From June 1948 to May 1949, U.S. and British planes airlift 1.5 million tons of supplies to the residents of West Berlin.
After 200,000 flights, the Soviet Union lifts the blockade.
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5. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Operation Vittles
All of the necessities for the city's 2.5 million residents -- an estimated 4,500 tons of food, coal and other materials each day -- had to enter the city by air.
On its biggest day, the "Easter parade" of April 16, 1949, the airlift sent 1,398 flights into Berlin -- one every minute.
Before it was all over, more than 278,000 flights would carry 2.3 million tons of relief supplies.
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6. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Peaceful Coexistence
ii. Following the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin (1953) a new era of Soviet/American relations emerged.
iii. After Stalin’s death (1953), many men tried to become leader of the Soviet Union.
a. Nikita Khrushchev won
b. More moderate than Stalin and believed in peaceful coexistence
c. Destalinization
d. Khrushchev renounces the Soviet goal of world revolution and the spread of communism
e. “Can’t we all just get along”
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7. iv. The Americans were sceptical of this new attitude
Peaceful Coexistence
iv. The Americans were sceptical of this new attitude
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8. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Peaceful Coexistence
v. In 1952, Dwight Eisenhower, who was extreme, becomes President.
a. Eisenhower believes in the “Domino Theory”: that if one country falls to communism others will follow.
b. He hired John Foster Dulles as his Secretary of State (Foreign Affairs)
c. Dulles hated communists. He wanted more containment and to liberate communist satellite countries
d. Dulles created SEATO -Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, similar to NATO
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9. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Dwight Eisenhower
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10. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Peaceful Coexistence
vi. Dulles best known for:
a. Brinkmanship: Never back down; would rather die than surrender (see next slide)
b. Massive retaliation: Any Attack on the USA would result in retaliation of massive amounts of H-bombs
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11. Brinkmanship On the verge of…
An attempt to push a dangerous situation as far as possible-without conceding anything to your opponent.

12. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Peaceful Coexistence
vii. The “Thaw” comes to an end with the Hungarian Uprising (1956).
a. Hungarian people take to the streets demanding the w/drawl of Soviet troops.
b. Want Hungarian independence
c. Soviets respond by crushing the revolution w/ tanks and troops
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13. II. Nuclear Arms Race (1953- 1960)
i. In 1949, the Soviet Union tested their first Atomic Bomb.
ii. The Soviet Union knew that it was behind in its technology and immediately increased production.
iii. Nuclear Arms Race was underway
a. By 1953, both sides had developed H-bombs which were more powerful. Each side felt that if they were too weak, the other side would attack.
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14. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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15. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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16. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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17. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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18. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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19. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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20. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
iv. Mutual Deterrence: Assuring that your nation can destroy the enemy with nuclear weapons so that they will not attack
a. MAD Mutual Assured Destruction: a Cold War theory in which the United States and Soviet Union each used its ability to launch a nuclear counterattack to stop a first strike from the other side
b. First Strike Capability: The ability to launch a nuclear attack on your enemy, but they do not have the capacity to attack back
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21. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
ii. The Space Race
a. 1957, the Soviets launched the first satellite into space, Sputnik.
b. The Americans immediately speed up work on their own rocket and soon had many of their own.
c. The arms race continued
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22. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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23. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Kennedy on the Moon
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24. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
iii. The Berlin Wall, 1961
a. Thousands of East Germans crossing into West Berlin prompts the Soviets to build the Berlin Wall . Families are split and the city becomes the definition of the ‘Iron Curtain.’
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25. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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26. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Kennedy on Berlin
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27. Kennedy on humanity and the arms race
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28. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
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29. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race
Terms:
Nuclear Arms Race
Mutual Deterrence
MAD Mutual Assured Destruction
Domino Theory
Brinkmanship
Massive retaliation
Nikita Khrushchev
The Space Race
The Berlin Wall
Dwight Eisenhower
John Foster Dulles
John F. Kennedy
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SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race