1. Chapter 4 Patrol: The Backbone of Police Operations1-

2. Introduction
Patrol service has been described as the backbone of the police department
Patrol officers are the most valuable people in the organization
Patrol techniques and strategies are examined, including results of the classic Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
The chapter concludes with a discussion of patrol and community policing 1-

3. The Importance and “Place” of Patrol in Policing
IDENTITY AND IMPORTANCE
Organizational contradiction
Most crucial people
Lowest on totem pole
Promotion is not via patrol
Often regarded as disposable
Tendency to judge value by rank
Learning Objective: How patrol is typically described.
© Robert Maass/CORBIS/Age fotostock 1-

4. Patrol Functions TASKS AND DUTIES CALEA Standard 41.1
Primary law enforcement function
More than the act of patrolling
Variety of activities
Traditional response
Requests for service to alternate strategies
Cont.
© AP Images/Kathy Willens
Learning Objective: What functions patrol typically performs.
Learning Objective: How the majority of patrol time is spent.
Learning Objective: How crowds can be classified. 1-

5. Patrol Functions TASKS AND DUTIES
Deterring or preventing crime and disorder
Noncrime calls for service
Controlling traffic
Assisting at the scene of a crime
Crimes in progress
Preliminary investigations
Cont. 1-

6. Patrol Functions TASKS AND DUTIES Making arrests Special events
Assisting at the scene of a fire
Community service
Peacekeeping function 1-

7. Patrol Methods DEPENDS ON NEEDS Foot patrol Create representative maps
Community survey
Community participation planning sessions
Recruit a range of individuals
Variety of approaches
Cont.
Learning Objective: What methods of patrol have been used and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Learning Objective: What type of patrol has the most mobility and flexibility and is usually the most cost effective. 1-

8. Patrol Methods DEPENDS ON NEEDS Automobile patrol
Assigned vehicle programs
One-officer versus two-officer patrol units
In-car video
Global positioning and information systems
Voice-activated patrol car equipment
Cont. 1-

9. Patrol Methods DEPENDS ON NEEDS Motorcycle patrol Bicycle patrol
Segways
Ecofriendly
Economical
Mounted patrol
Air patrol
Expensive to operate
Cont.
© AP Images/Damian Dovarganes 1-

10. Patrol Methods DEPENDS ON NEEDS Water patrol Special-terrain vehicles
K-9 assisted patrol
Very popular
Combination patrol
Jurisdiction
Size
© AP Images/Alan Diaz 1-

11. Patrol Techniques and Strategies
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION
Routine Patrol and the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
Three groups each with five beats
Reactive beats
Control beats
Proactive beats
Cont.
Learning Objective: What the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment found. 1-

12. Patrol Techniques and Strategies
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION
Patrol experiment found no measurable effect on:
Crime
Fear of crime
Attitudes toward police
Police response time
Traffic accidents
Cont. 1-

13. Patrol Techniques and Strategies
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION
Area and shift assignments
Proportionate assignment
Response time
Discovery crimes
Involvement crimes
Differential police response strategies
Cont.
Learning Objective: What most affects the possibility of on-scene arrests.
Learning Objective: What two basic causes account for delays in calling for service. 1-

14. Patrol Techniques and Strategies
ESSENTIAL FUNCTION
Split-force patrol
Continuous presence
Saturation patrol
Hot spots
Directed patrol
Focus on specific department goals 1-

15. Patrol and Problem-Oriented Policing
PROBLEM DRIVEN
Problem-oriented policing
Herman Goldstein in 1979
Shift in perspective
Reactive to proactive
Think in terms of problems
Move beyond just handling incidents
Cont.
Learning Objective: What basic change in perspective problem-oriented policing requires. 1-

16. Patrol and Problem-Oriented Policing
PROBLEM DRIVEN
The SARA problem-solving process
Scanning
Analysis
Response
Assessment
Process evaluation
Impact evaluation
Learning Objective: What the SARA problem-solving process consists of. 1-

17. Patrol and Community Policing
SHIFT IN PATROL METHODS
Patrol officers can be catalysts
Greater use of foot, bicycle, mounted, and K-9– assisted patrol
Redeployment of patrol officers
Identifying specific “hot spots”
© AP Images/Ed Andrieski 1-

18. Summary Officers on patrol serve many functions
Between 80 and 90 percent of all calls for police service are of a noncriminal nature
Crowds may be classified as self-controlled, active, or explosive
Different patrol techniques have met with varying degrees of success
The SARA problem-solving technique has contributed greatly to policing effectiveness 1-