1. MOTIVATION
“Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure…”
-Marianne Williamson

2. DERMATOLOGY
NOT DONE YET!

3. OTITIS EXTERNA
An acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the external ear canal
Clinical signs: **
Head rubbing or shaking
Ear scratching
Head tilt – with the affected ear tilted down
Malodorous otic discharge (brown, greenish-yellow)
Lichenification, hyperpigmentation, crusts, erythema and excoriations may be present
Aural hematoma

4. OTITIS EXTERNA NOTE THE EXCESS BROWN EXUDATE
ERYTHEMA, HYPERPIGMENTATION,
LICHENIFICATION
AURAL HEMATOMA

5. OTITIS EXTERNA PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Conformation Excessive moisture
Heavy, pendulous ears
Stenotic ear canals
Ear hair
Excessive moisture
Frequent bathing or swimming
Hypersensitivities
Food allergy, atopy

6. OTITIS EXTERNA DIAGNOSIS: Otoscopic exam Clinical signs
Cytology, ear smear
Yeast, bacteria, cerumen, skin cells

7. OTITIS EXTERNA MALASSEZIA OTITIS Malassezia resemble
footprints, bowling pins,
or snowmen

8. OTITIS EXTERNA
BACTERIAL OTITIS
ROD-SHAPED BACTERIA
AND A SKIN CELL

9. OTITIS EXTERNA TREATMENT
Always treat the underlying condition if present
Topical meds instilled daily
Antibacterial, antifungal, or combination products often with steroids (otomax, tresaderm, baytril otic)
Cleaning ears during treatment
Surgical intervention may be required
Aural hematoma
Chronic conditions (Total Ear Canal Ablation)

10. TUMORS OF THE SKIN
Tumors are a new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Benign vs. Malignant Localized vs. Invasive Adenoma/Carcinoma vs. Sarcomas

11. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
HISTIOCYTOMA: small, button-like tumors that are usually pink, hairless, and raised. They are rapidly growing
Common locations include the pinnae, head, and legs

12. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
HISTIOCYTOMA
Occurs almost exclusively in young dogs <4yrs old
DIAGNOSIS
Appearance
biopsy
TREATMENT
These tumors may spontaneously regress, but surgical excision is the treatment of choice
ROUND CELL TUMOR

13. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
LIPOMA: tumor of the subcutaneous adipocytes (fat cells) that are typically freely movable and well-circumscribed
Common in older, female, obese dogs
DIAGNOSIS:
Biopsy
Fine needle aspirate

14. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
LIPOMA
TREATMENT:
Surgical excision
Benign neglect
lipocytes

15. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
PAPILLOMAS: wart-like growths that develop as smooth, white/pink/pigmented, elevated lesions in the oral cavity (oral papillomatosis) or on the skin (cutaneous papillomas)
These growths are caused by a papillomavirus

16. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
PAPILLOMAS
DIAGNOSIS:
Appearance
Biopsy
TREATMENT
Usually spontaneous regression
Autogenous vaccine

17. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
SEBACEOUS GLAND CYSTS: Slow growing, encapuslated, round, and exude a gray, cheeselike material. Caused by degenerative changes in the glandular area surrounding the follicle.
Common in cocker spaniels
DIAGNOSIS
Contents of the cyst
histology
TREATMENT
Surgical removal of entire encapsulated cyst

18. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
SEBACEOUS CYSTS

19. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
FELINE VACCINE-INDUCED FIBROSARCOMAS: rapidly developing, highly invasive, malignant tumors that occur at the site of vaccination ~4-6 weeks later.
VACCINES MOST COMMONLY IMPLICATED ARE THOSE WITH ADJUVANTS (substance that enhances the immune response by increasing the stability of a vaccine in the body) SUCH AS FeLV AND RABIES

20. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS DIAGNOSIS:
Biopsy of fine needle aspirate
Physical exam findings
Swelling in area of recent vaccination
Rapidly growing firm elongated mass

21. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS TREATMENT
Radical surgical excision which may involve limb amputation is the treatment of choice
CLIENT INFORMATION
Poor prognosis if not detected early and treated aggressively
Inflammatory lumps may do develop after vaccines but usually disappear within 1-2 weeks

22. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
FELINE VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS

23. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
MAST CELL TUMORS: firm nodules on the skin that may be ulcerated or edematous. Mast cells contain histamine and heparin

24. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATE OF MAST CELL TUMOR; NOTE THE NUMEROUS GRANULES

25. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
IN CATS, MAST CELL TUMORS ARE USUALLY BENIGN AND MAY SPONTANEOUSLY
REGRESS

26. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS MAST CELL TUMOR TREATMENT PROGNOSIS Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
BENADRYL
H2 blockers to treat gastric ulceration and irritation
PROGNOSIS
Depends on biopsy “grading” results

27. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS MELANOMA (Benign or Malignant)
BENIGN: small, slow growing, hairless, pigmented
MALIGNANT: large, dome-shaped sessile +/- pigmentation
Ex: Tumors of the oral cavity and digits
Poor prognosis
Metastasize readily
Recurrence after surgery is common

28. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
TREATMENT INVOLVES SURGICAL REMOVAL AND POSSIBLY TREATMENT WITH
THE MELANOMA VACCINE