1. Title: Biology 3/19/07 Objectives: Class Topics
11/23/2018
Title: Biology 3/19/07
Objectives:
To learn about the historical discoveries surrounding the genetic material, DNA.
Class Topics
Hand in W.S. 9.2, Lab – Doublin’ DNA before the bell rings
Except 1A
1A - Complete Lab
Complete Notes – Chapter 9
Review Replication
Chapter 9 Test Review
“The young do not know enough too be prudent, and therefore they attempt the impossible, and achieve it, generation after generation.”
Pearl S. Buck
Friday, November 23, :20 AM

2. W.S. Tuning in to Radioisotopes
11/23/2018
W.S. Tuning in to Radioisotopes
1. Experiment
Type of plant
Carbon 14
Carbon dioxide
Autoradiography
Follow through regions of plant
Quantitative Assay
Follow through the cell
Explanation
2. over 40,000 years old
3. radiation kills cells undergoing division, fruit that has been picked does not undergo division (IT’S DEAD!) so the only cells that are killed are the bacteria and fungus

3. Class Assignments W.S. 9.2 3/19/07 Lab - Doublin’ DNA 3/19/07
11/23/2018
Class Assignments
What
By When
W.S /19/07
Lab - Doublin’ DNA 3/19/07
Chapter 9 Test 3/21/07
Due this class period
Due next class period
Due in the future

4. 11/23/2018
Grade Sheet
2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

5. “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids”
11/23/2018
“Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids”
Find references to:
Rosalind Franklin’s research
Erwin Chargaff’s research
replication

6. Rate of Replication Prokaryotes (circular DNA)
11/23/2018
Rate of Replication
Prokaryotes (circular DNA)
2 replication forks
Start at same point and work in opposite directions
Eukaryotes (chromosomes)
Much more genetic material
Division of labor
100 replication forks per chromosome
Divided into 100,000 nucleotides a piece

7. 11/23/2018

8. 11/23/2018
DNA double helix (like a spiral staircase) is easily replicated (doubled)
Occurs during S phase of cell cycle
1. Enzyme, DNA helicase, attaches to DNA molecule
Hydrogen bonds between strands break (DNA unzips and unwinds)
Forms replication forks
Areas where the strands separate
Replication (PBS)

9. 11/23/2018
2. DNA polymerase bonds free nucleotides (floating in nucleus) to exposed nitrogen bases
adenine to thymine & guanine to cytosine
3. Hydrogen bonds formed between nitrogen bases
Proofreading
DNA polymerase can go back and check for errors
1 error per 1 billion nucleotides
Replication (DNAi)

10. Test Review Essay Photo 51 Draw DNA – given 4 nucleotides
11/23/2018
Test Review
Essay
DNA Replication
Photo 51
Helix, sugar/phosphate backbone, symmetry, double stranded
Draw DNA – given 4 nucleotides

11. Test Review Griffith Avery Hershey/Chase Problem transformation
11/23/2018
Test Review
Griffith
Problem
vaccine
transformation
Ultimate conclusion
Avery
Transformation stopped by…
Proteins or DNA?
Conclusion
Hershey/Chase
Scientists
Bacteriophage
Why phosphorus and sulfur?

12. Test Review Chargaff Franklin/Wilkins Watson/Crick A = T, C = G
11/23/2018
Test Review
Chargaff
A = T, C = G
Basepairing rules
Franklin/Wilkins
Photo 51 information
Watson/Crick
Structure of DNA
Model of double helix
1953 paper

13. DNA structure Nucleotide 2 strands Double helix Found in nucleus
11/23/2018
DNA structure
Nucleotide
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
Nitrogenous base (nitrogen base)
Purines
adenine
guanine
Pyrimidines
cytosine
thymine
2 strands
Double helix
Found in nucleus
Complementary bases

14. Test Review Replication (copying DNA) Occurs in S phase
11/23/2018
Test Review
Replication (copying DNA)
Occurs in S phase
Both strands are template for new
DNA helicase – unwind and unzip
Forks
DNA polymerase
Add complementary strand
proofread

15. RNA Ribonucleic Acid Carries out the instructions coded for by DNA
11/23/2018
Ribonucleic Acid
Carries out the instructions coded for by DNA
Differences between RNA and DNA
Ribose is the sugar
Single stranded
Uracil - not thymine - bonds with Adenine
RNA

16. Types of RNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA
11/23/2018
Messenger RNA
mRNA takes DNA “instructions” to ribosomes
Transfer RNA
tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
rRNA makes up a part of each ribosome
Types of RNA