1. SCIOMYZIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA
20 GENERA SPECIES
HABITATS - WETLANDS (MARSHES, FENS, BOGS, VERNAL POOLS, SWAMPS)
- TERRESTRIAL (MOIST TO MESIC WOODLANDS)

2. BIOLOGY OF SCIOMYZIDAE
LARVAE ARE PREDATORS, PARASITOIDS, OR SAPROPHORES OF:
NON-OPERCULATE AQUATIC SNAILS
OPERCULATE AQUATIC SNAILS
SHORELINE SNAILS
SEMI-TERRESTRIAL SUCCINEID SNAILS
SLUGS
SNAIL EGGS
FINGERNAIL CLAMS
FRESWATER OLIGOCHAETE WORMS

3. IMPORTANT REFERENCE KNUTSON, L., AND J.-C. VALA. 2002.
AN EVOLUTIONARY SCENARIO OF THE SCIOMYZIDAE AND PHAEOMYIIDAE (DIPTERA).
ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE 38:

4. 17 TROPHIC GUILDS ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE FAMILY SCIOMYZIDAE
DICTYA (29 spp.) – 1 Guild
SEPEDON (17 spp.) – 2 Guilds
TETANOCERA (30 spp.) – 5 Guilds
PHERBELLIA (40 spp.) – 6 Guilds

5. COMPOSITION OF THE GENUS TETANOCERA
39 SPECIES IN WORLD
30 SPECIES IN NORTH AMERICA

6. TROPHIC GUILDS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OFTETANOCERA
1. PREDATORS OF AQUATIC PULMONATE SNAILS (10 spp.)
2. PREDATORS OF SHORELINE SNAILS
(3 spp.)
3. PREDATORS OF SUCCINEID SNAILS
( 4 spp.)
4. PREDATORS OF LAND SNAILS (2 spp.)
5. PREDATORS OF SLUGS (3 spp.)

7. PREDATORS OF AQUATIC SNAILS
1. TETANOCERA ANNAE
2. TETANOCERA BERGI
3. TETANOCERA FERRUGINEA
4. TETANOCERA LATIFIBULA
5. TETANOCERA LOEWI
6. TETANOCERA MONTANA
7. TETANOCERA OBTUSIFIBULA
8. TETANOCERA ROBUSTA
9. TETANOCERA STRICKLANDI
10. TETANOCERA VICINA

10. PREDATORS OF SHORELINE SNAILS
1. TETANOCERA FUSCINERVIS
2. TETANOCERA PLUMOSA
3. TETANOCERA PLUMOSA

13. PREDATORS OF SUCCINEIDAE SNAILS
1. TETANOCERA MELANOSTIGMA
2. TETANOCERA OXIA
3. TETANOCERA ROTUNDICORNIS
4. TETANOCERA SPIRIFERA

14. OXYLOMA SP.

15. HABITATS OF SUCCINEID PREDATORS
1. TETANOCERA MELANOSTIGMA – WET WOODLANDS
2. TETANOCERA OXIA – MARSHES
3. TETANOCERA ROTUNDICORNIS- MARSHES
4. TETANOCERA SPIRIFERA - MARSHES

16. PREY OF SUCCINEID PREDATORS
TETANOCERA OXIA - CATINELLA
TETANOCERA MELANOSTIGMA - SUCCINEA
TETANOCERA ROTUNDICORNIS - OXYLOMA
TETANOCERA SPIRIFERA - OXYLOMA

18. PREDATORS OF TERRESTRIAL SNAILS
1. TETANOCERA PHYLLOPHORA
2. TETANOCERA KERTESZI

19. HABITAT AND HOST SNAIL OF TETANOCERA PHYLLOPHORA

20. PARASITOIDS OF SLUGS 1. TETANOCERA CLARA 2. TETANOCERA VALIDA
3. TETANOCERA PLEBEJA

21. TETANOCERA VALIDA

22. HOSTS OF SLUG-KILLING TETANOCERA
1. TETANOCERA PLEBEJA – DEROCERAS
2. TETANOCERA VALIDA – DEROCERAS
3. TETANOCERA CLARA – PALLIFERA, PHILOMYCUS

24. MODES OF SLUG INVASION 1. TETANOCERA PLEBEJA – MANTLE
2. TETANOCERA VALIDA – TENTACLE
3. TETANOCERA CLARA - MOUTH

25. Mantle
Mantle

26. TETANOCERA PLEBEJA LARVA UNDER MANTLE OF DEROCERAS

27. Eye Tentacle

29. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
1. GENUS TETANOCERA SHOWS A REMARKABLE DEGREE OF ADAPTIVE RADIATION
INVOLVES NICHE SEPARATION ALONG SPATIAL, TEMPORAL, AND TROPHIC AXES

30. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
2. SPECIES WITHIN A GUILD ARE NOT NECESSARILY CLOSELY RELATED
AMONG THE SLUG KILLERS, TETANOCERA CLARA AND T. VALIDA ARE CLOSELY RELATED, BUT T. PLEBEJA IS NOT
SHOW CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE WITHIN GUILDS

32. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY GRANTS FROM NSF, NIH, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY, AND THE OHIO DIVISON OF WILDLIFE
NUMEROUS GRADUATE STUDENTS