1. Tuesday, 4 September 07 eko@stikom.edu
Pronouns
Tuesday, 4 September 07

2. Personal (indicates specific person, number, gender, and case)
subject
object
poss.
ref/int
poss.adj I Me
Mine
Myself My We Us
Ours
Ourselves
Our
You
Yours
Yourself
Your
They
Them
Theirs
Themselves
Their He
Him
Himself
His
She
Her
Hers
Herself It
Its
Itself it

3. demonstrative It points to and identifies noun/pronoun Forms:
 this (sing, nearby)
 that (sing, farther away)
 these (plural, nearby)
 those (plural, farther away)

4. Relative
Relative pronouns introduce one type of subordinate clause called a relative clause (which "relates" to the primary clause). These pronouns have various forms which depend on their role within the clause or according to their case.
FORMS: subject (who, which, that), object (whom, which, that), possessive personal who whom whose non-personal which whose that
Examples: I went to see the singer who was in town. I read the book which the professor recommended to me.

5. Exercise: Each of the sentences contain personal pronoun
Exercise: Each of the sentences contain personal pronoun. Circle the pronoun. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Her and Bob came over to visit me.
He opened the refrigerator and took some food from it
She lent it to you and I
My desk is located near hers
Theirs suggestion was unrealistic
I like his ideas and hers
If my friend calls, please tell them that I will return the call.
The girls ran too fast, and she fell down
In the autumn, the tree lost its leaves.
The travelers lost their ways in the storm
The boy got the box and he opened it carefully
The woman left their earrings at home, so she wasn’t wearing them

6. Facts of pronoun errors in TOEFL
Errors in pronoun agreement (pronoun referent)  a pronoun must agree with personal pronoun to which it refers
Errors in pronoun form and type the misplaced function of personal pronoun
Incorrect inclusion of pronoun  unnecessary use of pronoun  redundancy
Please do the following exercise !!! 

7. Errors in pronoun agreement 
Jackrabbits have powerful rear legs that enable it to leap
A B C
long distances. D
The best way for children to learn science is for them
A B
to perform experiments himself
C D
Trademarks enable a company to distinguish its
A B
products form these of another company.
C D

8. Errors in pronoun form and type 
Heman Melville gathered material for him novels,
A B
including Moby Dick, during his year at sea
C D
As larvae, barnacle are free-swimming, but as adults
A B
they attach them to stones, docks, and hulls of ship
C D
A barometer is a device it is used to measure
A B C
atmospheric pressure. D

9. Incorrect inclusion of pronoun 
Black Island in Long Island Sound it is surrounded by
A B C
cold, dangerous waters. D
Dutch elm disease which it is caused by a fungus
A B
can destroy a tree within four weeks
C D
Certain types of turtles that may live as long as 100
A B C
years.