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American Interests After
Reconstruction - Lands given by treaty to Indian groups -California Gold Rush, 1848 -Homestead Act, 1862 – Congress offering 160 acres of free land to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of the household. -Transcontinental railroad building led to massacre of the buffalo herds -Central and Union Pacific Railroads -Irish and Chinese Immigrants -Promontory Point, Utah, 1869 – West and East Meet; Transcontinental RR complete
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The Chinese and Irish helped build 100s of miles of railroads in the US but were treated poorly and were not paid fair wages
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-Indians forced onto reservations
Indian Restrictions -treaties were broken -Indians forced onto reservations -gov’t payment and supplies were not delivered as promised -Indian Uprisings -Dakota Uprising, 1862 Massacre at Sand Creek, 1864 John Chivington leads Army unit in massacre of Cheyenne -Fetterman’s Massacre, 1866 -Fetterman’s small army band crushed by Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Red Cloud’s warriors
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-Gold found in the Black Hills of the Dakotas
Indian Wars -Gold found in the Black Hills of the Dakotas -Sioux try to defend area promised to them -Army sends George Armstrong Custer -Little Bighorn, 1876 Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull lead warriors as Custer and all his men were killed!
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-Led by Chief Joseph, they refused to go to reservation
Indian Wars -Nez Perce Indians, 1877 -Led by Chief Joseph, they refused to go to reservation -chased by the Army for over 1000 miles until captured -”I will fight no more forever” End of the Indian Lifestyle assimilation education of Indians to be more like whites -destruction of the buffalo Dawes Severalty Act – gov’t promised land to Indians to farm if they assimilated (Gov’t took most of it away later)
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End of the Indian Lifestyle
-Ghost Dance Movement - a Native American movement that called for a return to traditional ways of life and challenged white dominance in society Sioux spiritual dance Dance was outlawed -Wounded Knee, 1890 massacre of several hundred Sioux; In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 200 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived. -**Indian era comes to an end**
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