Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Section 1: Surface Water Movement
Running water is an agent of erosion, carrying sediments in streams and rivers and depositing them downstream. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned
2
Essential Questions How can surface water move weathered materials?
How does a stream carry its load? How does a floodplain develop? Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
3
Vocabulary Review New solution bed load discharge flood floodplain
Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
4
The Water Cycle The water cycle, also referred to as the hydrologic cycle, is a never- ending, natural circulation of water through Earth’s systems. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Surface Water Movement
5
Add link to Animation from p. 224 here.
The Water Cycle Concepts In Motion FPO Add link to Animation from p. 224 here. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
6
Add link to Animation from p. ConnectED here.
The Water Cycle BrainPOP FPO Add link to Animation from p. ConnectED here. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
7
The Water Cycle Water molecules move continuously through the water cycle following many pathways: they evaporate from a body of water or the surface of Earth, condense into cloud droplets, fall as precipitation back to Earth’s surface, and infiltrate the ground. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
8
Runoff Water flowing downslope along Earth’s surface is called runoff.
A number of conditions determine whether water on Earth’s surface will infiltrate the ground or become runoff. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
9
Runoff Soil composition
The physical and chemical composition of soil affects its water-holding capacity. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
10
Runoff Soil composition
Soil that has open surface pores allows water to infiltrate. The particle size that makes up a soil helps determine the pore space of the soil. Large grain size Fine grain size Mixed grain size Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
11
Runoff Rate of precipitation
If the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate of infiltration, the water will become runoff. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
12
Runoff Vegetation Vegetation can slow the rate of runoff of surface water. Raindrops are slowed when they strike the leaves of trees or blades of grass, and they trickle down slowly. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
13
Runoff Slope Water from precipitation falling on slopes flows to areas of lower elevation. The steeper the slope, the faster the water flows. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
14
Stream Systems Some surface water flows in thin sheets and eventually collects in small channels, which are the physical areas where streams flow. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
15
Stream Systems Tributaries
Rivers that flow into other streams are called tributaries. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
16
Stream Systems Watersheds and divides
All of the land area whose water drains into a stream system is called the system’s watershed. A divide is an elevated land area that separates one watershed from another. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
17
Stream Systems Watersheds and divides
The watershed of the Mississippi River includes many stream systems, including the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. The Continental Divide marks the western boundary of the watershed. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
18
Stream Load The material that a stream carries is known as stream load. Stream load is carried in three ways. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
19
Stream Load Materials in suspension
Suspension is the method of transport for all particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of a stream’s moving water. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
20
Stream Load Bed load A stream’s bed load consists of sand, pebbles, and cobbles that the stream’s water can roll or push along the bed of the stream. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
21
Stream Load Materials in solution
When water runs through or over rocks with soluble minerals, it dissolves small amounts of the minerals and carries them away in the solution. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
22
Stream Carrying Capacity
The ability of a stream to transport material, referred to as its carrying capacity, depends on both the velocity and the amount of water moving in the stream. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
23
Stream Carrying Capacity
The ability of a stream to transport material, referred to as its carrying capacity, depends on both the velocity and the amount of water moving in the stream. Discharge is the measure of the volume of stream water that flows past a particular location within a given period of time. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
24
Stream Carrying Capacity
Stream discharge is the product of a stream’s average width, average depth, and the velocity of the water. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
25
Floods A flood occurs when water spills over the sides of a stream’s banks onto the adjacent land. The broad, flat area that extends out from a stream’s bank and is covered by excess water during times of flooding is known as the stream’s floodplain. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
26
Floods When rivers overflow their banks, the floodwater deposits sediment. Over time, sediment accumulates along the edges of a river, resulting in natural levees. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
27
Floods Flood stages When the water level in a stream rises higher than its banks, the river is said to be at flood stage. The flooding of a small area is known as an upstream flood. Heavy accumulation of excess water from large regional drainage systems results in downstream floods. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
28
Flood Monitoring and Warning Systems
In areas that are prone to severe flooding, warning systems, such as those established by the National Weather Service and the U.S. Geological Survey, are the first step in implementing emergency management plans. Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
29
Review Essential Questions Vocabulary
How can surface water move weathered materials? How does a stream carry its load? How does a floodplain develop? Vocabulary runoff watershed divide suspension bed load discharge flood floodplain Surface Water Movement Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.