1. Section 1: Surface Water Movement
Running water is an agent of erosion, carrying sediments in streams and rivers and depositing them downstream. K
What I Know W
What I Want to Find Out L
What I Learned

2. Essential Questions How can surface water move weathered materials?
How does a stream carry its load?
How does a floodplain develop?
Surface Water Movement
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3. Vocabulary Review New solution bed load discharge flood floodplain
Surface Water Movement
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4. The Water Cycle
The water cycle, also referred to as the hydrologic cycle, is a never- ending, natural circulation of water through Earth’s systems.
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Surface Water Movement

5. Add link to Animation from p. 224 here.
The Water Cycle
Concepts In Motion
FPO
Add link to Animation from p. 224 here.
Surface Water Movement
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6. Add link to Animation from p. ConnectED here.
The Water Cycle
BrainPOP
FPO
Add link to Animation from p. ConnectED here.
Surface Water Movement
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7. The Water Cycle
Water molecules move continuously through the water cycle following many pathways: they evaporate from a body of water or the surface of Earth, condense into cloud droplets, fall as precipitation back to Earth’s surface, and infiltrate the ground.
Surface Water Movement
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8. Runoff Water flowing downslope along Earth’s surface is called runoff.
A number of conditions determine whether water on Earth’s surface will infiltrate the ground or become runoff.
Surface Water Movement
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9. Runoff Soil composition
The physical and chemical composition of soil affects its water-holding capacity.
Surface Water Movement
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10. Runoff Soil composition
Soil that has open surface pores allows water to infiltrate. The particle size that makes up a soil helps determine the pore space of the soil.
Large grain size Fine grain size Mixed grain size
Surface Water Movement
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11. Runoff Rate of precipitation
If the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate of infiltration, the water will become runoff.
Surface Water Movement
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12. Runoff
Vegetation
Vegetation can slow the rate of runoff of surface water. Raindrops are slowed when they strike the leaves of trees or blades of grass, and they trickle down slowly.
Surface Water Movement
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13. Runoff
Slope
Water from precipitation falling on slopes flows to areas of lower elevation. The steeper the slope, the faster the water flows.
Surface Water Movement
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14. Stream Systems
Some surface water flows in thin sheets and eventually collects in small channels, which are the physical areas where streams flow.
Surface Water Movement
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15. Stream Systems Tributaries
Rivers that flow into other streams are called tributaries.
Surface Water Movement
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16. Stream Systems Watersheds and divides
All of the land area whose water drains into a stream system is called the system’s watershed.
A divide is an elevated land area that separates one watershed from another.
Surface Water Movement
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17. Stream Systems Watersheds and divides
The watershed of the Mississippi River includes many stream systems, including the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. The Continental Divide marks the western boundary of the watershed.
Surface Water Movement
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18. Stream Load
The material that a stream carries is known as stream load. Stream load is carried in three ways.
Surface Water Movement
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19. Stream Load Materials in suspension
Suspension is the method of transport for all particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of a stream’s moving water.
Surface Water Movement
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20. Stream Load
Bed load
A stream’s bed load consists of sand, pebbles, and cobbles that the stream’s water can roll or push along the bed of the stream.
Surface Water Movement
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21. Stream Load Materials in solution
When water runs through or over rocks with soluble minerals, it dissolves small amounts of the minerals and carries them away in the solution.
Surface Water Movement
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22. Stream Carrying Capacity
The ability of a stream to transport material, referred to as its carrying capacity, depends on both the velocity and the amount of water moving in the stream.
Surface Water Movement
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23. Stream Carrying Capacity
The ability of a stream to transport material, referred to as its carrying capacity, depends on both the velocity and the amount of water moving in the stream.
Discharge is the measure of the volume of stream water that flows past a particular location within a given period of time.
Surface Water Movement
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24. Stream Carrying Capacity
Stream discharge is the product of a stream’s average width, average depth, and the velocity of the water.
Surface Water Movement
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25. Floods
A flood occurs when water spills over the sides of a stream’s banks onto the adjacent land.
The broad, flat area that extends out from a stream’s bank and is covered by excess water during times of flooding is known as the stream’s floodplain.
Surface Water Movement
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26. Floods
When rivers overflow their banks, the floodwater deposits sediment. Over time, sediment accumulates along the edges of a river, resulting in natural levees.
Surface Water Movement
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27. Floods
Flood stages
When the water level in a stream rises higher than its banks, the river is said to be at flood stage.
The flooding of a small area is known as an upstream flood.
Heavy accumulation of excess water from large regional drainage systems results in downstream floods.
Surface Water Movement
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28. Flood Monitoring and Warning Systems
In areas that are prone to severe flooding, warning systems, such as those established by the National Weather Service and the U.S. Geological Survey, are the first step in implementing emergency management plans.
Surface Water Movement
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29. Review Essential Questions Vocabulary
How can surface water move weathered materials?
How does a stream carry its load?
How does a floodplain develop?
Vocabulary
runoff
watershed
divide
suspension
bed load
discharge
flood
floodplain
Surface Water Movement
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