1. THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL VISUAL VOCABULARY

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.5.11 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Great Depression and the New Deal.

3. The Great Depression
The Great Depression: The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

4. The Great Depression
Gross National Product: The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.
Stock Exchange: a market in which securities (stocks) are bought and sold. Many Americans had invested greatly in stocks during the 1920s

5. The Great Depression
Economic Boom: Sudden increase in prosperity; stock market begins its spectacular rise but bears little relation to the rest of the economy
Speculation Boom: People invest in the stock market like crazy, buying shares, hoping that the value of the company would increase and sell it off at a higher price and make a profit. Stock shares rise, and that increases speculation.

6. The Great Depression
Bull Market: a period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices
Buying on the Margin: paying part of the cost and borrowing the rest from brokers

7. The Great Depression
Soup Kitchens: a place where food is offered to the hungry for free or at a below market price.
Breadlines: During the Depression, breadlines stretched for blocks outside of soup kitchens.

8. The Great Depression
Dust Bowl: Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.
Shantytowns “Hoovervilles”:
Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.

9. The New Deal
New Deal: The name of President Roosevelt's program for getting the United States out of the depression
Relief, Recovery, Reform: Roosevelt's New Deal program aimed at the three R's

10. The New Deal
Sit-Down Strike: work stoppage in which workers refuse to leave a factory

11. Causes of the Great Depression

12. The Great Depression
Black Thursday: October 24, 1929; almost 13 million shares sold that day alone
Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929

13. The Great Depression
Smoot-Hawley Tariff: an act that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.
Bonus Expeditionary Force: Thousands of WWI veterans, who insisted on immediate payment of their bonus certificates, marched on Washington; violence ensured when President Hoover ordered their tent villages cleared

14. The New Deal
Bank Holiday: Government closed all banks until examiners could investigate their financial condition; only banks in good standing were allowed to reopen
Emergency Banking Relief Act: Authorized the federal government to regulate and control aspects of the banking system, and it also rescued failing banks with loans.

15. The New Deal
Federal Emergency Relief Administration: Agency gave loans to state and local governments to create jobs for unskilled workers.

16. The New Deal
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC): The government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails
Federal Securities Act: Regulated the Stock Market; formed the Securities and Exchange Commission

17. The New Deal
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): New Deal program that hired unemployed men to work on natural conservation projects
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): Restricted production during the New Deal by paying farmers to reduce crop area.

18. The New Deal
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA): Legislation that focused on the employment of the unemployed and the regulation of unfair business ethics
National Recovery Administration: government agency established to stimulate business recovery through fair- practice codes

19. The New Deal
Public Works Administration (PWA): A large-scale public works construction agency headed by the Secretary of the Interior; built large-scale public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools.
Works Progress Administration (WPA): Focused on smaller public works projects and hired unemployed unskilled workers

20. The New Deal
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act): Guaranteed labor's right to organize unions and collectively bargain.
Social Security Act: Guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65;set up unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

21. The New Deal
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO): Founded by John L. Lewis; broke from the AFL. It was more open to women and minorities. Included skilled and unskilled workers.
Fair Labor Standards Act: establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards