1. DRINKING WATER

2. Surface water to tap

3. Surface water tap

5. Ground water tap

6. Groundwater to tap

8. Arsenic contamination
Source
Naturally in shale/sandstone- pyrite
pesticide
Problems
Carcinogen
arsenocosis

9. Lead Contamination
Source
Pipes
Problems caused
Brain damage

11. IRON Source Problems caused Rocks (mafic) soils Red/orange stain
Unpleasant taste/smell

12. COPPER Source Problems caused Pipes Usually with low pH water
Blue/green stain
Stomach irritation
Possible liver and kidney damage

13. Nitrates Sources Problems caused Fertilizers Septic tanks sewage
Flu like symptoms
‘blue baby” syndrom

14. Hard water SOURCE Problems caused Ca and Mg ions From limestone
Leaves a white film (scale) in hot water
No suds

15. Hard Water

16. FLINT WATER CRISIS WHAT HAPPENED?
Switched from Detroit water to Flint River (April 2014)
Flint water was higher in Cl and lower pH (7.3)
Cl corrodes pipes
Didn’t add phosphate (a corrosive inhibitor)
Saved $140/day
High levels of lead, iron and bacteria were found in the drinking water of Flint

19. FLINT WATER CRISIS Switched back to Detroit water (Oct. 2015)
Pipes are still corroding; don’t drink!
Solutions?

20. Bottled water Tap water is more regulated than bottled
Aquafina and Dasani- Detroit tap water

21. ICE MOUNTAIN Pumped and bottled in Mecosta county Owned by Nestle
Uses groundwater from Muskegon watershed
Owned by Nestle
July 2009, reached agreement:
Allowed to pump 218 gal/min

23. How can I determine if bottled water is really just tap water
How can I determine if bottled water is really just tap water? Often it's not easy. First, carefully check the bottle label and even the cap -- if it says "from a municipal source" or "from a community water system" this means it's derived from tap water. Again, you can call the bottler, or the bottled water program in your state or the state where it was packaged

24. Absopure- only company to use recycled bottles

25. Costs Manufacture the bottle Disposal marketing Plastic=oil shipping
Only 10% are recycled
Takes up landfill space
marketing