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Molarity
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Concentration Based on Mass
Concentration - amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solution Concentration of a solution has an effect on Physical properties Melting and boiling points Chemical properties Solution reactivity
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Moles and Equivalents Chemical equations represent the relative number of moles of reactants producing products Many chemical reactions occur in solution where it is most useful to represent concentrations on a molar basis
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Molarity The most common mole-based concentration unit is molarity
Symbolized M Defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
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Molarity 2M HCl What does this mean?
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Molarity Calculations
6.02 1023 (particles/mol) molar mass (g/mol) MASS IN GRAMS MOLES NUMBER OF PARTICLES LITERS SOLUTION Molarity (mol/L)
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Calculating Molarity from Moles
Calculate the molarity of 2.0 L of solution containing 5.0 mol NaOH Use the equation Substitute into the equation: MNaOH = 5.0 mol solute 2.0 L solution = 2.5 M
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Molarity Calculations
How many grams of NaCl are required to make 0.500L of 0.25M NaCl? 0.500 L 0.25 mol 1 L 58.44 g 1 mol = 7.3 g NaCl
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Molarity Calculations
Find the molarity of a 250 mL solution containing 10.0 g of NaF. 10.0 g 1 mol 41.99 g = mol NaF 0.238 mol 0.25 L M = = 0.95M NaF
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Molar Volume of a Gas Molar volume - the volume occupied by 1 mol of any gas STP – Standard Temperature and Pressure T = 273 K (or 0oC) P = 1 atm At STP the molar volume of any gas is 22.4 L Vgas = molesgas x (22.4L/1 mol)
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Molar Mass and Density A gas’s density will determine if it will sink or float in the air Molar mass = density x molar volume At STP
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