1. LECTURE 4: Cellular Respiration
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Describe structure of mitochondria
Summarize 3 steps of Cellular Respiration and identify where ATP is made

2. What are the inputs/outputs of cellular respiration?
Carbon Dioxide
Water
ATP
INPUTS:
Oxygen
Glucose

3. What is the Structure of Mitochondria?

4. Generation of ATP Three stage process
1. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate
Glycolysis in cytoplasm
2. Pyruvate broken down to make reducing molecules
Krebs cycle in mitochondria matrix
3. Use electron transport chain to make ATP
ETC makes H+ gradient which generates ATP
Occurs on innermembrane

5. Aerobic Respiration
2 ATP
2 NADH
Stage 1 - Glycolysis

6. For each glucose used up
Glucose  2 Pyruvate
6 C’s 2 x 3 C’s
For each glucose used up
2 ATP (used 2 ATP, made 4 ATP)
2 NADH
2 pyruvates

7. 4 CO2 Aerobic Respiration Stage 2 - Krebs Cycle 2 acetyl CoA 2 NADH 6
FADH2 2
GTP
Stage 2 - Krebs Cycle

9. End Result of Glycolysis + Krebs Cycle
Glucose  2 Pyruvate  6 CO2
For each glucose
2 ATP (used 2 ATP, made 4 ATP)
2 NADH (cytoplasm)
2 NADH (in mitochondria)
6 NADH (Krebs)
2 FADH2 (Krebs)

10. Stage 3 - Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
H+ + O2
8 (10)
NADH e- 2
FADH2
H2O
H+ gradient
ATP
Stage 3 - Electron Transport Chain

11. 3RD STAGE ETC Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
NADH / FADH2 molecules are used as electron donors
They release an electron, an electron acceptor ‘accepts’ electrons
Oxygen is the last acceptor – creates H2O
This pushes H+ across the membrane, creating a gradient
These H+ than go back across the membrane through an ATP synthase
This makes ATP
NADH gives 3 ATP - FADH2 gives 2 ATP

12. NADH gives 3 ATP - FADH2 gives 2 ATP
O2 + 2H+
H2O
ADP
ATP
NADH gives 3 ATP - FADH2 gives 2 ATP

13. H+ ions increase in intermembrane space

14. ATP Synthase Hydrogen ions get pumped down pump
Energy turns turbines to bind phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

15. End Result of Glycolysis + Krebs Cycle
Glucose  2 Pyruvate  6 CO2
For each glucose
2 ATP (used 2 ATP, made 4 ATP)
2 NADH (cytoplasm)
2 NADH (in mitochondria)
6 NADH (Krebs)
2 FADH2 (Krebs)
In ETC
NADH  6H+
FADH2  4H+
Each 2H+ makes 1 ATP

16. 36 ATP For each glucose 2 ATP (used 2 ATP, made 4 ATP)
2 NADH (cytoplasm) =6 ATP
2 NADH (in mitochondria)= 6 ATP
6 NADH (Krebs)= 18 ATP
2 FADH2 (Krebs)= 4 ATP