1. Review from yesterday…
Who was Charlemagne?
Frankish emperor who conquered lots of land
What is a serf? What is a manor?
Peasants tied to land; a large farming estate
Knights were…
Soldiers who fought for lords
What were the Crusades? Why were they fought?
Holy wars to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims
The leader of the church was the…
Pope
What is a Fief?
Land granted by a lord to a vassal
Why did the pope and emperor argue?
Over power to appoint church officials

2. The Formation of Western Europe 800-1500
Mr. Holzhauser
World History
Chapter 14
The Formation of Western Europe

3. The Crusades Launched by Pope Urban II -1096
Assist Constantinople in defeating Muslims
Retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem
Called for hundreds of Knights
Young and old alike–Many came seeking glory and wealth, a new life

6. First Two Crusades Siege of Jerusalem
Crusaders were vicious to Muslims
Torture, theft, murder
Took control on July 15, 1099
Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem held until 1187

7. Kingdom of Jerusalem
Largest Christian Kingdom in Middle East from
Founded by Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099
Godfrey’s Brother Baldwin of Boulogne/Edessa becomes 1st king of Jerusalem Dec. 25, 1100
Family remains in power of Jerusalem until 1187

8. Kingdom of Heaven - Reality
Baldwin IV – the Leper King – ruled Jerusalem from
Sister – Queen Sibylla
Guy de Lusignan – King of Jerusalem through marriage to Sibylla – Templar
Balian of Ibelin – Crusader and leader of the defense of Jerusalem

9. Third and Fourth Crusades
Major losses for crusaders
Saladin, Seljuk Leader takes back Jerusalem
Relatively peaceful despite crusaders viciousness
Negotiated the peaceful surrender of Jerusalem with Balian
allowed women and children to go free for ransom
Released most others after they were taken prisoner
Allows Christians to pilgrimage to Jerusalem safely

10. Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb

11. Crusaders Richard the Lionheart Frederick Barbarossa All Crusades
Holy Roman Emperor
All Crusades
Knights Templar
Knights Hospitaller

14. Children’s Crusade – 1212 A.D.
Led by 12y.o. Stephen of Coyles, 30,000 kids
All but 2,000 died or were sold into slavery
The Reconquista – 1200’s
The re-conquering of Spanish lands held by Muslims
The Spanish Inquisition – Church court which tortured heretics

16. Route of European Crusaders

17. Paintings of Crusades

22. Invasions of England (land of Angles)
Vikings were a constant threat
King Alfred united England into one nation for the 1st time
After his descendent King Edward died, fights broke out over the throne

23. William the Conqueror: Edward’s cousin and leader of Normandy (in France)
He invaded England and claimed he was king through blood
Battle of Hastings : William defeated his enemies to become king of England
England now included many French lands

24. Alfred the Great; William (young and old)

25. Battle of Hastings

26. English Government Changes
Common law established: a unified body of law formed over several years
Juries used in court; judges collected taxes
Magna Carta written (1215): guaranteed basic political rights to rich nobles
Supposed to limit king’s power

27. Magna Carta original

28. Parliament: law-making group
House of Commons: knights and rich people
House of Lords: nobles and bishops

29. The Capetian Family Rules France
King Philip II increased French power
Won back land from English
Philip’s successors increased the power of French king
King Louis IX: created appeals court to overturn decisions of local courts
Estates-General: meeting of all levels of French society

30. King Philip II

31. Crowning of King Philip II; King Louis IX

33. Homework=Timeline: write what happened for each date
October 14, 1066
1204
June 15, 1215