1. Cancer Staging

2. Staging: the extent or severity of a person’s cancer

3. Purpose: assists doctors with treatment options
estimate the person’s prognosis
assist doctors with finding appropriate clinical trials
provides common terminology between doctors

4. Staging systems do vary between cancer types

5. Common Elements of Staging:
Tumor size and number of tumors
Lymph node involvement (spread of cancer into lymph nodes)

6. Cell type and tumor grade(how closely the cancer cells resemble normal tissue cells).
The presence or absence of metastasis

7. TNM Staging T = extent of the tumor (size) N = lymph node involvement
M = distant metastasis

8. TX = tumor cannot be evaluated T0 = no evidence of primary tumor
T1 = size and/or extent of primary tumor
The number after the “T” indicates size/extent (ex. T1 =tumor less than 2cm)

11. T1N2M0 =
Tumor present (less than 2 cm), some regional lymph nodes involved, no distant metastasis

12. Staging
Stage 0: In Situ – tumor has not moved beyond the initial tissue affected

13. Stage I, II, or III = higher numbers indicate more extensive disease
larger tumor size and/or spread of the cancer beyond the original organ

14. Stage IV: the cancer has spread to another organ(s)