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Fragmentation and Recombination for Exotics in Heavy Ion Collisions
Chiho NONAKA Nagoya University What I will show here was done several years ago. I am May 21, Kyoto
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Hadronization Mechanism
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision Low PT Thermal-statistical model:hadron ratios, chemical freezeout, P.Braun-Munsinger, PLB465,99 Hydrodynamic expansion:PT spectra kinetic freezeout, Shnedermann,PRC48,93 High PT Perturbative QCD is applicable. Fragmentation mechanism t hydrodynamic expansion freeze-out hadronization thermalization collision ? A lot of particles jump into the detector. Some experimental data which we could not understand using these hadronization mechanism confronted us. Chiho NONAKA
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Baryon Puzzle at RHIC qq g p/p ratio ~ 1 (PT>2 GeV)
Large p/ ratio at high PT Fragmentation g qq : fragmentation functions (PHENIX:nucl-ex/ ) p/p ratio ~ 1 (PT>2 GeV) in central collisions p/p ratio << 1 Chiho NONAKA
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Baryon Puzzle at RHIC 2. Difference in baryon and meson jet-suppression Fragmentation Parton energy loss at high PT hard scattering in medium jet quenching Suppression in RCPbaryon occurs at higher PT than RCPmeson RCPbaryon is the same as RCPmeson. Chiho NONAKA
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Baryon Puzzle at RHIC 3.Difference in baryon and meson elliptic flow
Fragmentation parton energy loss L Saturation in v2baryon occurs at higher PT than v2meson. v2baryon should be the same as v2meson. Chiho NONAKA
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Quark Number Scaling Elliptic flow Chiho NONAKA
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ReCo Models (RHIC) ALCOR: Biro, Levai, Zimanyi, PLB347,6(1995), HIP17, 205(2003) Dynamical model for hadronization Duke:Fries, Nonaka, Bass, Asakawa, Mueller, PRL90, (2003) ReCo(thermal) + Fragmentation with energy loss No soft -hard ReCo Texas:Greco, Ko, Levai, PRL90,202302(2003), PRC68,034904(2003) Monte Carlo implementation Soft (thermal/AMPT), hard (minijet) partons Soft-hard ReCo Resonance decay effect on v2, charm flow, v4, v6 Ohio: Molnar, Lin, Voloshin, PRL90, (2003),PRC68, (2003) Elliptic flow: quark number scaling, flavor ordering, charm hadrons Oregon: Hwa,Yang, PRC67, (2003),PRC67, (2003) Meson: Thermal-thermal, thermal-shower, shower-shower ReCo Chiho NONAKA
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ReCo+Fragmentation Model
Duke Recombination at moderate PT Recombination occurs in an instant. The parton spectrum is shifted to higher pT in the hadron spectrum. Entropy and energy conservation No gluon dynamics Fragmentation at high PT The parton spectrum has a power law tail (quarks and gluons) from pQCD. The parton spectrum is shifted to lower pT in the hadron spectrum. recombining partons: p1+p2=ph fragmenting parton: ph = z p, z<1 ReCo Frag. PT>2GeV Chiho NONAKA
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Hadron Spectra 2 4 6 8 10 PT(GeV) Meson: ReCo up to ~3 GeV Baryon:
12 PT(GeV)
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Hadron Ratios vs. PT ReCo R + F Statistical model
2 < PT < 4~5 GeV ReCo baryon/meson~1 4 < PT < 6 GeV steep drop: transition from ReCo to fragmentation supports transition from ReCo to fragmentation at intermediate PT. Chiho NONAKA
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Nuclear Modification Factors
2 < PT < 4 GeV RCP (baryon) > RCP (meson) ReCo 4 < PT < 6 GeV steep drop transition from ReCo to fragmentation High PT suppression fragmentation R F R f ? Chiho NONAKA
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Nuclear modification factor
f Recombination mechanism works!
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Quark Number Scaling Elliptic flow Chiho NONAKA
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Quark Number Scaling elliptic flow of quarks elliptic flow of hadrons
Chiho NONAKA
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Elliptic Flow Mesons meson v2 ~ v2K Baryons
Hydrodynamical model mass effect ? # of constituent quarks ? meson v2 ~ v2K v2 baryon saturates at higher PT at high PT: fragmentation v2 baryon ~ v2 meson PLB587,73(2004) Chiho NONAKA
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v2 of PHENIXPRL99(2007)052301 QM2005 Chiho NONAKA
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Elliptic Flow from fragmentation
ReCo Frag. parton energy loss L at high PT: fragmentation v2 baryon ~ v2 meson universal v2 at high PT For resonances and exotics: Chiho NONAKA
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v2 for Resonance Particles
QGP resonances: hadronizing QGP, no rescattering HG resonances: hadron final stage, h-h rescattering quarks n=2 scaling n=4 scaling Final Interactions freeze-out process Key: v2 is additive for composite particles Total is determined by experiments and related to width of particles and cross section in the hadronic medium. Chiho NONAKA
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K*0 Elliptic Flow (STAR)
nucl-ex/ # of valence quarks Chiho NONAKA
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v2 for Exotics Recombination: the same scaling for direct and molecule
Differences come from fragmentation mechanism Chiho NONAKA
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v2 for Exotics 5 q state molecule ReCo Frag. (ReCo + Frag.)
Chiho NONAKA
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v2 for Exotics Recombination: the same scaling for direct and molecule
Differences come from fragmentation mechanism H dibaryon heavy flavor, Lc, X, Y, Z, Tcc …? thermalization, ReCo ? universal v2 at high PT ? v2 is measureable? → yields, ratios Chiho NONAKA
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Summary elliptic flow analysis with ReCo + fragmentation model:
useful tool of understanding of ・production process of resonance particles ・hadron structure ex. exotic particles Chiho NONAKA
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