1. Ability of Escherichia coli to produce hemolysis leads to a greater pathogenic effect on human sperm 
Rodrigo Boguen, M.Sc., Favian Treulen, M.Sc., Pamela Uribe, M.Sc., Juana V. Villegas, Ph.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages (May 2015)
DOI: /j.fertnstert
Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Flow cytometry graph to determine sperm ΔΨm, iROS and vitality. (A[i] and B[i]) First, the sperm population was gated in a size vs. internal complexity dot-plot. Sperm were gated as a low debris fraction from swim-up–selected sperm. (A[ii] and B[ii]) Live sperm were gated from sperm-negative population to their respective vital stain. (A[iii]) The MFI of JC-1 aggregates in live sperm was considered sperm ΔΨm. (B[iii]) The MFI of DHE in live sperm was considered the sperm iROS. (C) Sperm vitality was calculated as the mean of live sperm from the iROS and ΔΨm determinations, i.e., PI-negative and SYTOX green–negative sperm. DHE = dihydroethidium; iROS = intracellular reactive oxygen species; JC-1 = 5,5′,6,6′ tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzamidazolocarbocyanin iodide; MFI = mean fluorescent intensity; PI = propidium iodide; ΔΨm = mitochondrial membrane potential.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Effect of Escherichia coli strains on sperm vitality (A) and motility (B). Three E. coli strains were tested: an isolated hemolytic (H) strain, an isolated nonhemolytic (NH-I) strain, and a nonhemolytic American Type Culture Collection (NH-ATCC) strain. Sperm were incubated for 1 hour with 3 ratios of sperm to E. coli: 1:2, 1:16, and 1:128. The figure summarizes 4 independent experiments, with measurements taken twice, and SD bars. *, P<.05 compared with its control without E. coli (sperm to E. coli ratio of 1:0).
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) (A) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) (B). Three E. coli strains were tested: an isolated hemolytic (H) strain, an isolated nonhemolytic (NH-I) strain, and a nonhemolytic American Type Culture Collection (NH-ATCC) strain. Sperm were incubated for 1 hour with 3 ratios of sperm to E. coli: 1:2, 1:16, and 1:128. The figure summarizes 4 independent experiments, with measurements taken twice, and SD bars. AU = arbitrary units; DHE = dihydroethidium; JC-1 = 5,5′,6,6′ tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzamidazolocarbocyanin iodide; MFI = mean fluorescent intensity. *, P<.05 compared with its control without E. coli (sperm to E. coli ratio of 1:0).
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions