1. Chapter 20-Protists-notes

2. Classification of Protists
Put in this class due to characteristics they LACK
Most ______________________
Eukaryotes w/organelles
Animal-like protists-_______________-heterotrophs
Plantlike protists-__________________-autotrophs
Funguslike protists-________________-decomposers
algae
slimemolds
unicellular
protozoans

4. II.Protozoans Resemble animals in 2 ways ****heterotrophs ****Mobility
differ because unicellular and lack specialized tissues,organs and organ systems
classified by how they ____________-
MOVE

5. Sarcodinians-move by extending lobes of cytoplasm
Amebas
______________________-lobes of cytoplasm by which they move-“false foot”
pseudopods

7. Sarcodines cont’d
some become hard cysts that are resistant to heat,drought,etc.-Entameba histolytica-causes dysentery
some have hard shells of calcium carbonate-___________and_____________-major marine food source/some have formed chalk over millions of years(limestone)
radiolarians
Foraminiferans

9. Zooflagellates-protozoans that move by_____________
Freeliving freshwater or marine
Some live in mutualistic or parasitic relationships
________________-lives in gut of termite to help it digest cellulose
______________-causes African sleeping sickness in humans—produces toxins that kill RBC’s—causing weakness and anemia and death if untreated----spread by the_________-fly and abundant in Africa
Trichonympha
flagella
tsetse
Trypanosoma

10. Trypanosoma

11. Ciliaphorans-protozoans covered w/cilia
Cilia beat like oars to project through water
Most freshwater….some salt water
______________-common example;slipper-shaped/covered w/a _______________that is flexible
gathers food w/cilia which sends to oral groove and a _______________forms around it/extracts nutrients and excretes through ______________
Anal groove
pellicle
Paramecium

14. Water constantly enters by osmosis and _____________________collects excess water and pumps it outside the pellicle
Reproduction:­_______________________-controls ongoing functions of cell and asexual reproduction/_______________________-invloved in genetic exchange during sexual reproduction----which happens during stress.like dehydration
-----share genetic info by ________________-joining of 2 organisms----enables it to adapt to changing conditions
Contractile vacuole
conjugation
macronucleus
micronucleus

16. Sporozoans-spore-forming and parasitic protozoans
When immature (sporozoites),surrounded by thick-sporelike walls
Complex life cycles involving sexual and asexual reproduction and maybe several hosts
Many disease causing-example-malarial Plasmodium

18. Protozoan Habitats Need wet environments
_______________________-collection of microscopic organisms that float near surface of bodies of water
may be as cysts in soil
cysts easily transmitted
plankton

20. Importance of Protozoans
3rd most numerous in oceans
important food source
many eat bacteria,keeping their # in balance
some are decomposers
many.many parasitic and disease causing

21. Parasitic Protozoans Plasmodium

22. Gialardia

24. Iv.Algae-Plantlike photosynthetic protists
Some contain cellulose cell walls
Some colonial
Live in water
Classified on basis of differences of their structures

25. Unicellular Algae Dinofalgellates,diatoms and euglenoids
Dinofalgellates covered w/_____________________--They have 2 flagella that spin cell through water/There are some symbiotic flagellates that don’t have flagella
Cellulose plates

26. Diatoms
Diatoms covered w/ _______________________-glass cell walls w/silica and no structures for movement/They are very abundant-used comercially as abrasives
Glass shells

27. Euglenoids use flagella

29. Multicellular algae
________________body of a multicellular algae,w/stringlike filaments,leaflike sheets,or rootlike holdfasts-----SEAWEED
reproduction differs than in plants
green algae-chloroplasts are green and usually multicellular
---some are colonial…eg. Volvox
Red Algae-able to use light that penetrates into deep water due to pigments/one type is part of Coral reefs
Brown algae—Phaeophyta---grow in cool satwater----inc. Giant Kelps/have hold fasts and air bladders…………Reproduction alternates between spore producing and gamete producing..example-Laminaria
thallus

30. volvox

31. Rhodophyta

32. Phaeophyta

33. Importance of algae unicellular and colonial are parts of plankton
____________________-algae in plankton
food source for many organisms
photoplankton