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Bellwork: Thurs. Nov. 30, 2017.

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Presentation on theme: "Bellwork: Thurs. Nov. 30, 2017."— Presentation transcript:

1 Bellwork: Thurs. Nov. 30, 2017

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3 How our Genes Work m t t

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5 . So… RNA is not exactly like DNA…

6 Color the Uracil Brown

7 Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.
Ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The three main types of RNA are messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA. During protein synthesis, transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers each amino acid to the ribosome.

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9 Coding for the Amino Acid
Important: ALWAYS READ THE mRNA!!! mRNA : from above: A A U – C G G amino acid sequence : ______ - _______ GET THIS FROM THE AMINO ACID CHART:

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11 Stop here for today: 11/28/2017

12 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13 Protein Synthesis Sim

14 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Amino Acids: building blocks of protein. 20 needed to build proteins for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. 11 made by our body. 9 (called essential amino acids) must come from our diet. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

15 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Essential amino acids: isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Another amino acid, histidine, is considered semi-essential because the body does not always require dietary sources of it. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

16 Bellwork: Thurs. Cracking the Code of Life “One Wrong Letter”
The purpose of the salt water in the DNA Extraction Experiment was to ________________________________ The purpose of the detergent in the DNA Extraction Experiment was to ________________________________ 3. The purpose of the ethyl alcohol in the DNA Extraction Experiment was to ________________________________ 4. In the video what does one wrong letter cause?____________________ Cracking the Code of Life “One Wrong Letter”

17 Bellwork: D is the Normal karyotype for a species of butterfly. Use the chart and the karyotypes of Butterflies A, B, and C to describe the chromosome error and and disorder of each: Butterfly A Chromosome Error Disorder Trisomy of pair 3 Short antennae Duplication on pair 1 Extra wings Deletion on pair 2 Lack of blue pigmentation Butterfly B D Normal Female Butterfly C Butterfly A: Butterfly B: Butterfly C: 17

18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classification of an amino acid as essential or nonessential does not reflect its importance, because all 20 amino acids are necessary for health. Instead, this classification system simply reflects whether or not the body is capable of manufacturing a particular amino acid. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

19 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Translation Translation Translation is the decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein). Translation takes place on ribosomes. During translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. Nucleus mRNA Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Translation The ribosome binds new tRNA molecules and amino acids as it moves along the mRNA. Lysine Phenylalanine tRNA Methionine Ribosome During translation, or protein synthesis, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. The cell uses all three main forms of RNA during this process. mRNA Start codon Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Translation Protein Synthesis Lysine tRNA During translation, or protein synthesis, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. The cell uses all three main forms of RNA during this process. mRNA Translation direction Ribosome Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

22 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Translation The process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon. Polypeptide Ribosome tRNA During translation, or protein synthesis, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. The cell uses all three main forms of RNA during this process. mRNA Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

23 Amino acids within a polypeptide
Genes and Proteins Codon Codon Codon DNA mRNA Protein Single strand of DNA Codon Codon Codon mRNA This diagram illustrates how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in DNA. The sequence of bases in DNA is used as a template for mRNA. The codons of mRNA specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein, and proteins play a key role in producing an organism’s traits. Alanine Arginine Leucine Amino acids within a polypeptide Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
12–3 The role of a master plan in a building is similar to the role of which molecule? messenger RNA DNA transfer RNA ribosomal RNA Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

25 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
12–3 A base that is present in RNA but NOT in DNA is thymine. uracil. cytosine. adenine. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
12–3 The nucleic acid responsible for bringing individual amino acids to the ribosome is transfer RNA. DNA. messenger RNA. ribosomal RNA. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

27 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
12–3 A codon typically carries sufficient information to specify a(an) single base pair in RNA. single amino acid. entire protein. single base pair in DNA. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

28 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chapter 13  RNA & Protein Synthesis Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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