1. Cold War: Later Years

2. Leonid Brezhnev Soviet leader during the 1970’s
“crushed all opposition” in Soviet Union and Soviet satellite states
Through policy of “détente” (relaxing of tension) tried to calm relations with U.S.

3. Mikhail Gorbachev Became Soviet leader in 1985
Perestroika “restructuring”
Reduced size of army and relaxed government control
Glasnost “openness”
Eased restrictions on dissent allowing people to speak more freely
Reforms won him international praise

4. Ronald Reagan
During speeches, he called the Soviet Union the “Evil Empire”
“TEAR DOWN THIS WALL”

6. Collapse of Soviet Union
New freedom of speech increased tension among various Soviet ethnic groups
Soviet republics began to demand independence
1989 Poland first Eastern European country to end Communist rule

7. Collapse of Soviet Union
Berlin Wall down in 1989
Newly independent
Eastern European nations struggle with economies
Existence of Soviet Union ends in 1991
Russia and Eastern Europe continued to struggle with transition to democracy

9. Important Figures during Cold War Era
Indira Gandhi
Closer relationship between India and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
• Developed nuclear program

10. Important Figures during Cold War Era
Margaret Thatcher
• British prime minister
• Free trade and less government regulation of business
• Close relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policy
• Assertion of United Kingdom’s military power

11. Deng Xiaoping
Reformed Communist China’s economy to a market economy leading to rapid economic growth
Continued communist control of government