1. Introduction to Chemistry (Part 2): Matter and Change
Mccaskie, Room 210

2. Anything that has mass and takes up space Memorize this
Matter:
Anything that has mass and takes up space Memorize this

3. More definitions and concepts
Mass
Volume
Amount of matter an object contains
Measure of space occupied by an object
NOTE: mass is different from weight…

5. substance Matter with a uniform and definite composition Aluminum can
Gold bracelet
Bronze (copper + Tin)

6. Physical properties of substance
Physical property – quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
State
Color
Melting/Boiling Point
Texture

7. 3 states of matter Solid Liquid Gas Definite shape and volume
Indefinite shape with fixed volume
Indefinite shape and volume

8. Note: Gas vs. Vapor
Gas – term used to describe substances that are gases at Room temperature
Vapor – term used to describe the gaseous state of substances that are usually solid or liquid at room temperature

9. Matter changes in 2 ways:
Physical Changes
Chemical changes
When properties of the substance change but the composition does not
Ex: Bending metal
When properties of the substance change in response to changes in composition
Ex: Acid-washing Metal

10. Example of a physical change:
Ice
Liquid water
Water vapor

11. 2 kinds of physical changes
reversible
irreversible

12. What is a mixture
A physical blend of 2 or more components

13. 2 types of mixtures homogeneous heterogeneous
A mixture in which the composition is the same throughout
A mixture in which the composition is Not the same throughout

14. 2 ways to separate a mixture
filtration
distillation

15. Element
Simplest form of matter that has its own unique set of properties
Cannot be broken down into anything smaller
Every box on the periodic table represents an element

16. compound
Substance that contains 2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed portion
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture then?
Compounds can be broken down into elemental subunits

17. Lets make a compound (NaCl)

18. Properties of each compound differ from those of its component elements
Sodium (Na)
Chlorine (Cl)
Silvery grey metal (soft)
Explosive near any kind of water (even water in the air)!!!!
If you hold sodium, it will react with the moisture on your skin, explode, and burn you
Toxic yellow gas
IT will kill you!!!!
“mustard gas”

19. Substance vs. mixture (revisited)
If the composition of the material is fixed
If the composition of the material is varied

20. Chemical symbol
1 or 2 letter symbols on the periodic table used to represent elements
We will discuss this in more detail later

22. Chemical formula
A combination of chemical symbols showing what each compound is made of
Again, way more on this later

23. The periodic table: only a preview…
Definition – arrangement of elements in groups based on their similar behaviors
Allows you to compare the properties of one element or groups of elements to other elements

24. Purple – Alkali Metals
Blue – Alkaline earth metals
Yellow – Other metals
Green – Transition metals
Brown – metalloids
Pinks – nonmetals
Light blue – Noble gases
Pale pink – inner transition metals

25. Elements in the same rows and columns have similar properties
group = each vertical column of the P.T.
period = each horizontal row of the P.T.
***way more on this later***

26. Chemical Reaction time

27. Chemical changes Words to signify chemical changes
Burn
Rot
Decompose
Ferment
Explode
corrode
Change of composition that results in new compounds and/or mixtures
CfqyhcNCdQ Chemically altering Magnesium and Carbon dioxide to form burned Magnesium, carbon, and oxygen

28. remember Physical change Chemical change Can go back to normal
Examples:
Melt ice
Freeze ice
Cut wood into smaller pieces
Cannot go back to normal
Composition of matter changes
Example:
Burning wood at a campfire  ash, co2, o2, various other chemicals

29. Chemical change = chemical reaction
One or more substances change into one or more new substances
Reactant – starting substances
Product – ending substances

30. How to recognize chemical changes (reactions)
#1: Transfer of energy
#2: changes in color
Heat, light, etc.

31. How to recognize chemical changes/reactions (cont’d)
#3: the production of gas
#4: formation of a precipitate
Smoke, clouds, poofs, etc.
Solid that forms or settles out of a mixture

32. Important!!
The law of the conservation of mass – mass of products is always equal to the mass of the reactants Think about this…what does this mean?

33. Now we can start to play…