1. DRUGS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS FUNCTION
Lector prof. Posokhova K.A.

3. Drugs affecting the respiratory organs function
anticough drugs;
expectorants;
breathing stimulants;
drugs used for bronchial asthma;
drugs used for lungs edema

4. REHYDRANTS IN ALL CASES

5. Anticough drugs
Drugs of central action (depress central links of cough reflex):
а) narcotic: codein, dextromethorphan
б) nonnarcotic: glaucin hydrochloride (glauvent), oxeladin citrate (tussuprex)
Drugs of peripheral action (block sensitive receptors of cough reflexogenic zones): libexin

6. Oxeladin citrate, Tussuprex

7. Glaucin hydrochloride (glauvent) + ephedrine + Sage oil

8. Libexin

9. Expectorants Secrete-motor drugs (stimulate expectoration):
а) drugs of reflex action: drugs of medical plants, sodium benzoate, bronchicum elixir, mucaltin
б) drugs of resorbtive and local action: bromide -sodium and potassium, ammonium chloride, sodium hydrocarbonate, ether oils
Bronchosecretolytic drugs (mucolytics):
а) proteolytic enzymes: tripsin, chimopsin, chimotripsin, desoxyribonuclease
б) mucolytics: acetylcystein, carbocystein
в) drugs which influence surfactant production or surfactants: bromhexin, ambroxol, “Alveofakt”, “Ekzosurf”

10. Drugs of medical plants
Althea officinalis
Thermopsis
Viola
Drugs of medical plants

11. Combined remedy “Bronchicum”

12. Mucaltin (Mucaltinum)

13. Drugs of medical plants
Ledum palustrae
Origanum vulgaris
Drugs of medical plants

14. Crystal tripsin (Trуpsinum crystallisatum)
Ampoules - 0,005 g and 0,01 g

15. Acetylcystein (Acetylcysteinum)
Forms of production: tablets - 0,1, 0,2 and 0,6, 20 % solution for inhalation in ampoules –
5 and 10 ml; 10 % solution for injection in ampoules - 2 ml and 5 % solution in ampoules – 10ml.

16. Bromhexin (Bromhexinum)

17. Forms of production: tablets - 0,03 and syrup.
Аmbroxol (Lasolvan)
Forms of production: tablets - 0,03 and syrup.

18. COUGH Dry With presence of sputum in bronchi
PRODUCTIVE
Sputum with significant viscous-elastic properties - muco- and proteolytic drugs
Sputum with significant adhesive properties - drugs which stimulate production of surfactant
Decreasing of speed of mucociliar transport with unchanged
properties of sputum - drugs which stimulate cilia function
Significant disorders of bronchial permeability, morphological changes of bronchi (atrophy of mucous membrane, bronchial stenosis), excessive production of mucus - alkali inhalations
Signs of allergic reaction with increased histamine activity - antihistamine drugs
NONPRODUCTIVE
Cataral inflammation (usually viral), reflector and central cough - anticough drugs
Signs of allergic reaction - antihistamine drugs
Bronchospasm - broncholytics
REHYDRANTS IN ALL CASES

19. Stimulants of breathing (analeptics)
Analeptics of direct action: bemegrid, ethymisol, caffeine
Analeptics of mixed action: cordiamin, camphor, carbon acid (carbogen – mixture of O2 and CO2)
Analeptics of reflex action:
lobelin, cytiton

20. Aethimizol (Aethimizolum)
Sodium caffeine-benzoate (Coffeinum-natrii benzoas)
Bemegrid (Bemegridum)

21. Cordiamin (Cordiaminum)
Camphor (Camphora)

22. DRUGS FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

23. To remove attack of bronchial asthma
Broncholytic drugs:
Adrenomimetics (α, β-adremonimetics, β-adrenomimetics, β2-adrenomimetics)
Methylxantines
Cholinoblockers (M-cholinoblockers, ganglionblockers)
Antiallergics and drugs that reduce airway hyperresponsiveness
Expectorants

24. Salbutamol, Ventolin, Berotek, Asthmopent
Beta-adrenomimetics
Salbutamol, Ventolin, Berotek, Asthmopent

25. Theophyllin (of prolonged action)
Methylxanthines
Theophyllin (of prolonged action)

26. Atropine sulfate, Solutan, Ipratropii bromidum (Atrovent)
M-cholinoblockers
Atropine sulfate, Solutan, Ipratropii bromidum (Atrovent)

27. Inhibitors of mast cells degranulation
Cromolyn, Ketotifen and Nedocromil antagonize antigen-induced (IgE-mediated) mast cell degranulation
they prevent the release of histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) - mediators of type I allergic reactions
their beneficial effects in the treatment of asthma are largely prophylactic

28. Tilade (sodium nedocromil)
Ketotifen
Tilade (sodium nedocromil)

29. Corticosteroid hormones in the management of asthma
In guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma were published by the National Asthma Education Program (USA). This report described the patho-physiology of asthma including airway obstruction, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Since then, corticosteroids have moved to the forefront in the treatment of asthma.

30. Inhaled corticosteroids
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Dexamethasone
Flunisolide
Fluticasone
Triamcinolone
Administration corticosteroids by inhalation limits the systemic adverse reactions associated with oral or parenteral therapy

31. Administration of inhaled corticosteroids
by the use of chambers or spacers
these devices help decrease systemic absorption and subsequent adverse reactions of the corticosteroids
most inhaled therapy is delivered via metered dose inhalers
other method - the breath-actuated dry powder inhaler devices (Rotahaler, Diskhaler, Turbuhaler)

32. Prednisolon, Hydrocortizone, Dexamethazone.

33. Potential role in the treatment of asthma
Zileuton
- a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
Zafirlukast
a leukotriene-receptor antagonist
Leukotrienes attract cellular infiltrates producing epithelial injury, abnormalities in neural mechanisms, increases in airway smooth muscle responsiveness, and airway obstruction

34. DRUGS FOR LUNGS EDEMA

35. Classification of lungs edema:
Cardiogenic
Toxic
Neurogenic
Caused by prolonged inspire resistance

36. Treatment measures for lungs edema
а) decreasing of hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary vessels and decreasing of cardiac input
b) decreasing the volume of blood circulation
c) lungs dehydration
d) decreasing of permeability of alveolar-capillary membranes
e) improvement of tissue oxygenation, renewing of respiratory ways penetrability, removing the foam in alveoli
f) correction of acid-base and electrolyte balance
g) removal of pain syndrome and acute disorders of heart rhythm
g) strengthening of contractive ability of myocardium and fighting with bronchospasm

37. Morphine hydrochloride (Morphini hydrochloridum)

38. GANGLIONBLOCKERS
Hygronium, Pentamin

39. Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerinum)
Vasodilators
Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerinum)
Nitromint

40. Furosemid (Lazix), Mannit
Diuretics
Furosemid (Lazix), Mannit

41. Modified Bobrov’s apparatus
(Alcohol % for inhalation with oxygen – to reduce the foam in alveoli)

42. Dimedrol, Suprastin, Prednisolone