1. Malcom X Freedom Riders Black Panthers
CIVIL RIGHTS
Malcom X
Freedom Riders
Black Panthers

2. Competing Voices of Civil Rights: Martin Luther King vs. Malcolm X
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Non-violent, peaceful protests
Malcom X
Promoted black supremacy 
advocated the separation of black and white Americans 
rejected the civil rights movement for its emphasis on integration

3. Activism Through Non-Violent Protest
In 1961 “Freedom Riders” rode buses throughout the South to test whether integration orders were being enforced
Freedom riders faced arrest & violence but exposed the lack of enforcement of desegregation laws in the Deep South
Martin Luther King’s non-violent approach inspired other groups to act:

4. Stokely Carmichael
The Black Panthers
MLK’s assassination marked a turning point in the civil rights movement from nonviolence to radicalism & “Black Power”

5. John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK)
Election of 1960
Peace Corp
Space Race
Death
Lee Harvey Oswald
Warren Commission

6. The Election of 1960
The election of 1960 marked a turning point in U.S. politics

7. The Election of 1960
The election of 1960 marked a turning point in U.S. politics
Republican Richard Nixon offered experience
Served 8 years as VP
Had foreign policy experience during the critical stages of the Cold War
Promised to keep gov’t spending & taxes low

8. The Election of 1960
The election of 1960 marked a turning point in U.S. politics
Democrat John F. Kennedy offered youth & hope
Served 2 Senate terms
Had no foreign policy experience; Seen as inexperienced; Catholic
But, offered active leadership to address America’s problems

9. The Election of 1960
The election of 1960 marked a turning point in U.S. politics
1960 was the 1st time presidential debates were on TV
TV debates helped JFK win the election
1960 marked the beginning of TV dominance in politics

10. JFK & the Cold War
President Kennedy fought the Cold War in other ways:
JFK created the Peace Corps in 1961 to send humanitarian aid & improve U.S. relations with under-developed nations
In 1962, JFK committed the U.S. to catch the USSR in the space race by landing a man on the moon by the end of the decade
U.S. landed on the moon in 1969

12. On Nov 22, 1963 John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas

13. Kennedy's Assassination: Dallas Chronology
Kennedy's Assassination: Dallas Chronology. Sequential chronology of the SPECIFIC, PROVABLE events that took place in Dallas on November 23, 1963
11:40 a.m. Air Force One arrives at Love Field in Dallas, Texas.
11:45 a.m. The Presidential motorcade leaves Love Field.
11:50 a.m. President Kennedy stops to greet youngsters at Lemmon Avenue and Lomo Alto Drive.
12:22 p.m. The motorcade stops at Ervay Street.
12:30 p.m. President Kennedy and Senator John Connally are hit by bullets. Their limousine speeds to Parkland Memorial Hospital.
12:36 p.m. The President's limousine arrives at Parkland.
12:40 p.m. Vice presidential aides arrive at Trade Mart, where a crowd is awaiting the president's arrival.

14. Kennedy's Assassination: Dallas Chronology
Kennedy's Assassination: Dallas Chronology. Sequential chronology of the SPECIFIC, PROVABLE events that took place in Dallas on November 23, 1963
12:40 p.m. Lee Harvey Oswald boards a bus.
12:44 p.m. Oswald gets off the bus.
12:47 p.m. Oswald enters a cab.
12:54 p.m. Oswald leaves the cab and walks to his boarding house.
12:59 p.m. Oswald arrives at his boarding house. He leaves several minutes
later with a pistol.
1:15 p.m. Oswald is stopped by police officer J.D. Tippit. Tippit is shot to death.
1:45 p.m. Oswald runs into the Texas Theater.
1:50 p.m. Oswald is arrested inside the theater.
2:08 p.m. A hearse bearing Kennedy's body leaves Parkland hospital.
2:15 p.m. The hearse arrives at Love Field.

15. The Assassination of JFK
On Nov 22, 1963 John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas
Chronology of events:
Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested
VP Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president on Air Force One
Two days later, Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby
After a 10 month investigation, the Warren Report stated that Oswald was a “lone gunman”
Kennedy's Assassination: Dallas Chronology. Sequential chronology of the SPECIFIC, PROVABLE events that took place in Dallas on November 23, 1963.
11:40 a.m. Air Force One arrives at Love Field in Dallas, Texas.
11:45 a.m. The Presidential motorcade leaves Love Field.
11:50 a.m. President Kennedy stops to greet youngsters at Lemmon Avenue and Lomo Alto Drive.
12:22 p.m. The motorcade stops at Ervay Street.
12:30 p.m. President Kennedy and Senator John Connally are hit by bullets. Their limousine speeds to Parkland Memorial Hospital.
12:36 p.m. The President's limousine arrives at Parkland.
12:40 p.m. Vice presidential aides arrive at Trade Mart, where a crowd is awaiting the president's arrival.
12:40 p.m. Lee Harvey Oswald boards a bus.
12:44 p.m. Oswald gets off the bus.
12:47 p.m. Oswald enters a cab.
12:54 p.m. Oswald leaves the cab and walks to his boarding house.
12:59 p.m. Oswald arrives at his boarding house. He leaves several minutes later with a pistol.
1:15 p.m. Oswald is stopped by police officer J.D. Tippit. Tippit is shot to death.
1:45 p.m. Oswald runs into the Texas Theater.
1:50 p.m. Oswald is arrested inside the theater.
2:08 p.m. A hearse bearing Kennedy's body leaves Parkland hospital.
2:15 p.m. The hearse arrives at Love Field.
11/24/63:
Morning Jack Ruby is at his apartment when a friend calls asking him to wire $25.
11:17 a.m. Ruby arrives at Western Union to wire the money.
11:21 a.m. Ruby shoots Oswald.

16. The Impact of the Assassination

17. The Impact of the Assassination
JFK’s assassination had important consequences for America:
The “martyrdom” of JFK put pressure on Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964
VP Lyndon Johnson carried out JFK’s “war on poverty”
LBJ enacted his own program called the “Great Society” with civil rights, medical insurance, environmental, & social programs

18. Vietnam
Who did we fight
U. S. Goals
Domino theory
Vietnamization

19. 1968: Student Protest & Vietnam
Since 1965, Americans were sent to fight Communism in Vietnam

20. 1968: Student Protest & Vietnam
1968 was the height of the Vietnam War & the year of the disastrous Tet Offensive

21. DOMINO
THEORY

22. The Tet Offensive was a turning point in the Vietnam War
“Johnson’s War”

23. The Tet Offensive, 1968
The Tet Offensive was a turning point in the Vietnam War
President Johnson began to question whether the war could be won…
…& LBJ announced that he would not seek re-election
“Johnson’s War”

24. The Tet Offensive, 1968
The Tet Offensive was a turning point in the Vietnam War
American attitudes towards the war changed & anti-war movement grew
“Johnson’s War”

25. Nixon wanted “peace with honor” in Vietnam

26. Vietnamization
Nixon & National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger developed a plan called Vietnamization: gradually withdraw U.S. troops & replace them with South Vietnamese soldiers