1. Chapter 9 THE AGE OF REFORM
The American Nation In the Modern Era
3/31/2017
Chapter 9 THE AGE OF REFORM
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Section 3: Reforming Society
CHAPTER 9--THE AGE OF REFORM

2. Objectives: Section 1: The Progressive Movement
What were the backgrounds of social reform leaders?
What issues concerned progressives?
What issues did muckrakers address?
How did progressive writers and thinkers view American society?

3. Backgrounds of social reform leaders
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Backgrounds of social reform leaders
native born
middle or upper class
usually urban
college educated

4. Progressive issues Section 1: The Progressive Movement
reform of industrial practices
end to child labor
reform of electoral system
social justice

5. Muckraker’s issues Section 1: The Progressive Movement
business corruption
corruption in urban politics
social problems such as slums and child labor
racism

6. Progressive views Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Industrial society exploited the weak.
Government should use its powers to promote social welfare.
Private citizens bear a social responsibility.

7. Objectives: Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
What workplace problems did progressives target?
What were the results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?
What rulings did the Supreme Court make on labor laws?
What were the successes and failures of unions in the early 1900s?

8. Workplace problems Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
child labor
low wages for women
long working hours
dangerous working conditions
no minimum wage

9. Results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
public outrage
passage of strict fire-safety code by New York legislature

10. Supreme Court rulings on labor laws
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Supreme Court rulings on labor laws
In Lochner v. New York, the Court overturned a law limiting work to ten hours a day, stating that workers should be free to accept any working conditions.
In Muller v. Oregon, the Court upheld a law limiting women to a ten-hour workday, claiming that women’s physical structure justified special legislation.
In general, the Court sided with business owners and overturned much early social legislation.

11. Successes and failures of unions
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Successes and failures of unions
increased membership
got wage increases and shorter hours in some companies
got aid from progressive organizations
accepted women and minorities (IWW)
excluded unskilled workers and sometimes promoted racism (AFL)
did not get closed-shop status (ILGWU)
failed to end capitalism and faded from power (IWW)

12. Objectives: Section 3: Reforming Society
How did reformers try to improved life in U.S. cities?
How did reformers hope to improve moral standards?
How did African Americans and American Indians organize to improve their lives?
Why were immigrants left out of some progressive reforms, and how did they contribute to other reforms?

13. Reformers attempts to improve urban life
Section 3: Reforming Society
Reformers attempts to improve urban life
tried rid cities of garbage
wanted to provide better housing
desired better public education
wanted improved public health
worked to build playgrounds
wanted to provide city planning and redesign

14. Moral improvements desired by reformers
Section 3: Reforming Society
Moral improvements desired by reformers
crusaded against alcohol
demanded censorship

15. American Indians Section 3: Reforming Society
formed the Society of American Indians to address problems and publicize accomplishments.

16. African Americans Section 3: Reforming Society
formed the NAACP to work through the courts for civil rights
formed the Urban League to fight for racial equality

17. Immigrants and reform Section 3: Reforming Society
often left out because of racism and lack of respect for immigrants’ cultures
worked through political machines to establish worker-protection and public-health programs
used political machines to obtain playgrounds, public baths, and parks