1. **The science of classifying and naming organisms.**
Unit I TAXONOMY
**The science of classifying and naming organisms.**

2. History Aristotle *started the process of classifying living things
*compared structural
similarities and habitats.

3. History Created two groups: - Plants = similarities in stem structure.
- Animals = habitat:
-of the land
- of the water
-of the air

4. History
2. Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist, devised a new classification system based only on form and structure.

5. History
Linnaeus first classified organisms into large groups which he called
KINGDOMS.
Kingdoms were then broken down into smaller groups

6. b. Levels of Classification (Linnaeus Classification Hierarchy)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

7. Levels of Classification
** The more levels two organisms share, the more similar the organisms are.

8. Levels of Classification
** Two organisms in the same species are so similar that they can mate and reproduce fertile offspring.

9. Which organism listed in the table is least like the others?
KINGDOM
ANIMALIA
PHYLUM
CHORDATA
CLASS
MAMMALIA
ORDER
CARNIVORA
PRIMATA
FAMILY
CANIDAE
FELIDAE
HOMINIDAE
GENUS
CANIS
ACINONYX
HOMO
LYNX
SPECIES
Canis lupus
Acinonyx jubatus
Homo sapien
Lynx rufus
Canis latrans
Which organism listed in the table is least like the others?
Which two organisms are very closely related.

10. 3. Modern Classification
Now uses three DOMAINS as a higher level of classification above kingdom = a group of related kingdoms.
1. Domain ARCHAEA = Kingdom
Archaebacteria only.
2. Domain BACTERIA = Kingdom
Eubacteria only.

11. Modern Classification
3. Domain EUKARYA = all eukaryotic organisms =
Kingdom Protista,
Kingdom Fungi,
Kingdom Plantae, and
Kingdom Animalia.

12. Modern Classification
Based on similarities in:
Form and Structure
Embryological development
Chromosome #
DNA Sequence

13. 4. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
A system developed by Linnaeus to eliminate the use of common names in science. (Can be very confusing!)
= two name naming system
Used to create a scientific name for each organism
Written in Latin

14. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Example:
Homo sapien Or

15. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
First word in the name = genus to which the organism belongs
- first letter is always capitalized.
Second word in the name = species to which the organism belongs
- no capitals
Entire name is either underlined or
italicized

16. Male Liger

17. Liger

18. Tigon

19. Tigon

20. Mule +

21. Zebroids
Zorse
Zonkey
Zony

22. Cama
Rama's parents shown behind, a camel and llama.