1. Chapter 18 Classification
Taxonomy:
The branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history.

2. Aristotle’s classification system
Ancient Greek philosopher more than (2000) ago.
He classified things as plant or animal
He grouped animals into land dwellers, water dwellers, and air dwellers.
What is the problem with this system?
He grouped plants into three categories based on their stems.

3. Linnaeus’s classification system
Carolus Linnaeus ( )
Developed a system of grouping organisms into hierarchical categories.
His system was based on an organisms morphology, its form and structure.

4. Levels of Classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum/Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

5. Examples: panther, human
Eukarya
Anamalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominoide
Homo
Sapien

6. Binomial Nomenclature (Scientific Name)
Two part naming system for each species.
Ex.1 Humans: Homo sapien
Ex. 2 Ameba: Chaos chaos
This two part name is also called the scientific name.

7. Modern taxonomists classify organisms according to phylogeny
Phylogeny: The evolutionary development of an organ or other part of an organism
evolutionary history

8. All cells can be divided in two groups
Prokaryotes: unicellular, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes: Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles

9. Prokaryotic

10. Eukaryotes can be divided into two groups
Autotrophs: make their own food
Heterotrophs: obtain their food by consuming another organism

11. Plant Cell

12. Animal Cell

13. Recent changes in classification
Three domains
1. Bacteria (eubacteria)
True bacteria, unicellular prokaryotes
2. Archea (archeabacteria)
Ancient bacteria, unicellular prokaryotes, some are photosynthetic, others are chemosynthetic
Live in harsh environments without oxygen
3. Eukarya (eukaryotes)

14. Why do you think the number of kingdoms changed?
Two kingdoms
Five kingdoms
Six kingdoms
Scientific process: new information is discovered previous ideas are modified.

15. Six kingdoms 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria 3. Protista 4. Plantea
5. Fungi
6. Animalia

17. Eubacteria
Have three basic shapes.
round
rod
spiral

18. Archaebacteria Archaebacteria are found in extreme condition.
Some are autotrophic
Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs

19. Plantae Multicellular Photosynthetic Cell walls contain cellulose
Non-motile

20. Protista Mostly single celled Very diverse group
Some multicellular (Seaweeds)
Eukaryotes
Many are autotrophic

21. Fungi
Heterotrophic
Have cell wall
Eukaryotes
Very diverse

22. Animalia
Heterotrophic
Eukaryotic
Motile

24. Activity: Classifying Organisms Using Dichotomous Keys pg 462
Do not cut out the fish just name them at the bottom of each picture