1. Types of Government
29 Feb 2012

2. Types of Government Types of Government Unitary type of government
Federal type of government

3. Unitary and Federal types of government
Two systems are found in modern states with two types of resulting governments, unitary and federal.
A unitary government is a single integrated government for the exercise of all powers. The legal sovereign confers all the powers of government in the first instance upon a single central government.
The federal government, on the other hand, is a system of government in which powers are divided and distributed between the central government and the government of political divisions. Both sets of governments exercise powers granted to them by the constitution and are within a sphere, coordinate and independent, that is both are free and autonomous under the constitution.

4. Unitary type of government
A unitary form of government is that, in which all the powers are concentrated in the hands of the central government. UK, Italy, Belgium, France, Japan, Iran.
In unitary state, the country may be divided into political divisions of different categories, but all authorities flow from the central government. These sub divisions have no original existence of their own. They are creation of the central government and may be altered at its will.
In a unitary government, the centre can pass any law which it considers to be for the good of the people.

5. Nepal’s unitary form

6. It leads to efficiency of administration.
Merits
It leads to efficiency of administration.
The system of administration in a unitary government is simple and economical. There is no heavy expenditure on the administration of the units. A uniform policy can be followed in a unitary government.
There is no duplication of political institutions.

7. Demerits
The great disadvantage of the unitary government is its centralization. Everything is done from the centre and consequently there is little scope for local activities.
Garner says a unitary government tends to repress local initiative, discourage rather than stimulates interest in the public affairs, impairs the vitality of the local government and facilitates the development of a centralized bureaucracy.

8. Thank you