1. The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam11
The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

2. Japan and Its Neighbors
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3. Japan: Land of the Rising Sun
Main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku
Importance of geography
Importance of being an island country
A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan
Creation myth
Marriage of Izanagi and Izanami
Birth of Amaterasu – Sun goddess
Descendant of Amaterasu founded Japan
Jomon people, 10,000 years ago
Hunters and gatherers
Agriculture appeared sometime during the first millennium B.C.E.
Yayoi culture
Mixture of Jomon and new arrivals
First lived on Kyushu and later Honshu
Tribal society based on clans (uji) in central Honshu

4. Early Japan
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5. Rise of the Japanese State
Yamoto state
Two methods to deal with Chinese threat
Shotoku Taishi ( )
Missions to Tang China to learn about the centralized kingdom
Emulating the Chinese Model
Reforms
Centralized government under a supreme rule
Merit system for public officials
Taika reforms continued movement toward centralized rule
Interest in Buddhism
Nara Period
Nara Period ( )
Fujiwara clan married into the ruling Yamato family
Chinese state model

6. Heian (Kyoto) Period (794-1185)
Fujiwara clan had the real power, senior member of the family serves as regent
Decentralized political system
Shoen (tax exempt) farmland
Emergence of the samurai (military retainer)
Bushido warrior code

7. Kamakura Shogunate (1185-1333)
Minamoto Yoritomo ( )
Bakufu (tent government)
shogun (general)
Shogunate system
Mongols
Khubilai Khan demands tribute, 1266
Japan invaded twice by the Mongols
Kamikaze (Divine Wind)
Kamakura shogunate weakened and overthrown
Ashikaga shogun
Power to local landed aristocracy, daimyo
Onin War ( )

8. Economic and Social Structures
Noble control of land, wealth in agriculture
Commerce slow to develop
Trade and manufacturing developed more rapidly in Kamakura period and the Ashikaga shogunate

9. Daily life Most were peasants who worked the land owned by the lord
Under the authority of local officials
Dispose of harvest as they saw fit after taxes paid
Genin, landless laborers
eta, hereditary slaves
Daily life was similar to others peoples in Asia
shoen, several villages
Life was difficult
Women in Japan
Had rights in early Japan
When introduced Buddhism relegated women to a subordinate position
Nevertheless, played a role in all levels of society

10. In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan
Shinto
Kami, nature spirits
Ancestor worship
Physical purity and its relationship to women
Nature and beauty
State doctrine linked to divinity belief about emperor and the sacredness of Japan
Buddhism, 6th century B.C.E.
Jodo, Pure land
Zen
Zen teaches ways to achieve Satori, enlightenment
Zazen, scripture study and self-discipline

11. Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture
Literature
Adapted Chinese writing system
Poetry and prose
Haiku
Women prolific writers of prose
No, drama
Art and Architecture
Art
Search for beauty; hand scrolls, screens, other works
Nature themes dominated; search for emotional response
Kamakura Period ( )
Zen Buddhism
Landscape
Tea ceremony

12. Japan, China, and Korea,
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13. Japan and the Chinese Model
Consequences of isolation
Lack of knowledge form the outside delayed the process of change
Importance of geography
Spared destructive invasions
Decentralized political forces remained dominant

14. Korea’s Three Kingdoms

15. Korea: Bridge to the East
Farming began about 2000 B.C.E.
Chinese influence and rule
Three Kingdoms (4th-7th centuries)
Koguryo -- influenced by China, Buddhism, and Confucianism
Paekche
Silla -- dominant power
The Rise of the Koryo Dynasty
Koryo dynasty
Social structure
Buddhism
Under the Mongols
Seized in the thirteenth century
Forced labor for the peasants
Introduced Chinese ideas and technology
Yi dynasty, 1392

16. Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon
Irrigated agriculture in area of the Red River
Conflict with the Qin and Han empires in China
Trung Sisters Revolt, 39 C.E.
Chinese regain control
The Rise of Great Viet
Overthrow of Chinese rule
Expansion
The Chinese Legacy
Following the Confucian model
Spread of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism
Borrowed from Chinese for literature
Society and Family Life
Borrowed the Confucian system and the civil service examination
Peasant masses
Growing emphasis on male domination
Strong tradition of heroic women

17. Discussion Questions
How did geography and climate affect the development of Japan?
What were the main characteristics of the political development of early Japan?
How was Japanese daily life like the early life in China? How was it different?
Trace the development of religion in early Japan.
What was the relationship between early Japan and its neighbors in Eastern Asia?