1. Immune System

2. Why do we need the immune system?
*pathogens*
3 Lines of Defense

4. First and Second Line of Defense (Innate) (non-specific) (genetic)
Physical Barriers
2. Chemical Barriers
See Table 21.1 in text!

5. 3. Cellular Defenses – Defensive Cells
Granulocytes
Include:
Basophils
Mast cells
Eosinophils
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
Dendritic cells

6. Agranulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes
Natural Killer Cells: targets cells with abnormal or unusual plasma membrane membrane

7. 4. Inflammation
Triggers – abrasions, pathogens, chemical irritations, distortion or disturbances of cells, and extreme temps.
Functions –
Characterized by cardinal signs:
calor
rubor
tumor
dolor
Histamine, bradykinins, prostaglandins,

8. 5. Fever (aka pyrexia)
Febrile
Function
pyrogens

9. 6. Molecular Defenses (both innate and adaptive!)
Interferon
Complement
Iron-binding proteins
Defensins

10. Questions
Name the physical and chemical factors that provide protection from disease in the skin and mucus membranes.
Which internal defenses provide protection against microbes that penetrate the skin and mucous membranes?
What is the name for the antimicrobial proteins that prevent viral replication?
Describe the phases of phagocytosis.
How are microbes killed following their ingestion by a phagocyte?