1. hum2461
Instructor: Ericka Ghersi

2. Popol Vuh

4. Creation and twin boys: Hunahpu and Xbalanqué.
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Popol Vuh:
Original manuscript written in classical Maya Quiché (Santa Cruz Quiché).
It containes mythological stories along with a genealogy of the rulers of the Late Classic Mayan kingdom in the highlands of Guatemala.
Creation and twin boys: Hunahpu and Xbalanqué.

5. Location

6. Popol Vuh
The oldest literary/religious printed work in Latin America (16th Century edition).
Oral text (between 2500 B.C.E. and 1550 C.E.)
Heroic literature: Epic poem.
Maya Quiché people (Guatemala Highlands).
Religious (creation and gods).
Popol Vuh is a "gift of Quetzalcóatl (i.e, Gucumatz) to humans".

7. Book's time (from ancient, mythical origins to our sixteenth century).
It is the key sacred book of the Mayas.
Popol Vuh has “authority”: Its episodic structure has coherence, order, scope, unity, and high seriousness of meaning and purpose.
Attempts to express the sacred and historic totality of the Maya place on Earth and the Maya Epoch.

8. Narrates the mythology and legends relating to the four cycles of the creation in the Mayan world.
The first cycle refers to the wood men puppets (ending on line 820).
The second cycle ends on line 1674 and ends with the destruction of 7 Parrot (Vucub-Caquix) and his two sons (Zipacná and Cabracán).
The third cycle ends when the hero twins become the sun and the moon (up to line 4708).
And the fourth cycle covers half of the entire text. It deals with humans (i.e., men) learning who to pray and to worship the Heart of Heaven.
This last cycle covers the period from the first Fathers to the present (i.e., the year 1550).

9. Toltec and Aztec influences in the text.
Scholars
Toltec and Aztec influences in the text.
Military and religious terminology from Toltec and Aztec civilizations.
According to their legends, the Quiché people originally came from Tula, the heart of the Toltec people.

10. Vowel length in Quiché is phonemic (double vowels in the text)
Notes on the languages
Popol Vuh is written in the Latin-derived alphabet ("i" for "y"; "v" for "w").
Vowel length in Quiché is phonemic (double vowels in the text)
Quiché has glottal consonants (', b, ch', k', q', t', tz'). The palatal stop is ("k") different from the uvular stop ("q").
Quiché Maya has been studied for almost 500 years.

11. It is rich in adverb-like uninflected particles.
Notes on the languages
It is rich in adverb-like uninflected particles.
Tense and number are not as specific as in English.
Moreover, the Popol Vuh text did not separate words carefully, which has made interpretation hard, to say the least.
The stress is usually on the final syllable.
The glottal stop series (see next slide) is one of the richest and most distinctive elements in the language.

12. The writers of the Popol Vuh

14. System of Writing
Our Alphabet contains varius combinations of only 26 signs.
By contrast, Maya language contains nearly 800 signs.
Each sign represents a full syllable.
That kund of list of signs is called a Syllabary, not an Alphabet.

16. "writing" (tz’ib’) "he who writes" (ah tz’ib’) _____________________________________ It is a description of the act of writing

17. X chi qa tikiba vi 'oher tzih, U tikaribal U xenabal puch
This is the root of the former word.
  Here is Quiche by name.
Here we shall write then,
  We shall start out then, the former words,
The beginnings
  And the taproots
Of everything done in the Quiche town,
Are, u we 'oher tzih.
  Varal K'iche, u bi.
Varal x chi qa tz'ibah vi,
  X chi qa tikiba vi 'oher tzih,
U tikaribal
  U xenabal puch
R onohel x ban pa tinamit K'iche,

18. THE PARIS CODEX

19. THE GROLIER CODEX

20. THE DRESDEN CODEX

21. THE MADRID CODEX

22. The twin brothers:
Hunahpu and Xbalanqué.

23. Sources: http://www.authenticmaya.com/maya_writing.htm

24. Always check your:
the end