1. Week 12 ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Armahedi Mahzar Jakarta ICAS 2010
PHILOSOPHY
of SCIENCE
Week 12 ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM
Armahedi Mahzar
Jakarta ICAS 2010

2. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Science Religion Integration
MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION of ISLAM
PANTHEISTIC HOLISTIC SCIENCE
NONTHEISTIC MECHANISTIC SIENCE

3. Epistemology KNOWLEDGE
Integralist Vision
Ontology BEING
Epistemology KNOWLEDGE
Axiology VALUES
Essence
soul
faith
trans-cendental
Holarchic
principle
conscience
intuition
universal
Creative program
mind
reason
cultural
Evolutionary
process
life
instinct
social
Structural systems
matter
sense
material

4. Method of Science
سَوَّاهُ وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِهِ ثُمَّ وَالأفْئِدَةَ وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالأبْصَارَ قَلِيلا مَا تَشْكُرُونَ
Then He fashioned him and breathed into him of His Spirit;
and appointed for you hearing and sight and hearts.
Small thanks give ye! (Al-Sajdah, 32:9)

5. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Structure of Islamic Science
REALITREALITASAS OBYEKTIF
FACTS (tajribi)
THEORY (nadari)
PARADIGM (hikmati)
DEDUCTION (qiyas)
INDUCTION (istiqra’)
INTUITION (ilham)
EMPIRICAL (nafsi)
RATIONAL (‘aqli)
INTUITIVE (qalbi)
REALITY (haqiqi)
OBJECTIVE (haqqiqi)
VERIFICATION (tahqiq) FALSIFICATION (ta’arudh)
RELIGIOUS FOUNDATION (Qur’an)

6. The structure of science
وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيمًا And Allah has revealed to thee the Book and the Wisdom,
and taught thee what thou knewest not,
and Allah’s grace on thee is very great. . (Al Nisa’ 113)

7. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM as a Scientific Paradigm
Integral Category
sufi
Epistemology
fiqhi
Axiology
hikmati
Cosmology
tauhidi Theology
Source
Ruhi (spirit)
Qurani (transcendental)
Thammah (Primal cause)
Dzatullah (Substance)
Values
Qalbi (conscience)
Sunni (universal)
Gha’iyah (final cause)
Sifatullah (attribute)
Information
’aqli
(reason)
‘ijtihadi (cultural)
Suriyah (formal cause)
‘Amrullah (command)
Energy
Nafsi (instinct)
‘ijma’i (social)
Fa’iliyah (efficient cause)
Sunnatullah (action)
Mattter
Jismi
(body)
’urfi (instrumental)
Maddiyah (material cause)
Khalqillah (creation) 7

8. Super- cosm (supernature)
Integralist Ontology
Micro- cosm (man)
Meso- cosm (culture)
Macro- cosm
(nature)
Super- cosm (supernature)
Meta- cosm (Creator)
soul
revelation
source
Being of God
conscience
Normative culture
Principles of Nature
Supernatural Principles
Atributes of God
Conscious-ness
Symbolic culture
Laws of Nature
Supernatural Laws
Commands of God
behavior
Social culture
Phenomena of Nature
Supernatural phenomena
Acts of God
body
Material culture
Objects of Nature
Supernatural objects
Creation of God

9. Object of Science
آيَاتِنَا سَنُرِيهِمْ فِي الآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
We shall show them Our portents
on the horizons and within themselves
until it will be manifest unto them that it is the Truth.
Doth not thy Lord suffice,
since He is Witness over all things ? (Fusilat:53)

10. Integralist Evolution
Stages of Evolution
Cosmo logical
Bio-logical
Techno-logical
1.Matter
Universe
Micro-organism
Tools
2.Energy
Solar system
Plant
Machines
3.Information
Living System
Animal
Language
4.Values
Human Civilization
Human
Culture

11. The Goal of Science
اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ So be afraid of Allâh; and Allâh teaches you. And Allâh is the All-Knower of each and everything. (Al Baqarah 282)

12. Environment (super-system)
Evolutionary Cycle
Existential stages
Parts (sub-system)
Organism (system)
Environment (super-system)
source
vacuum
soul
superspace
values
  particle
conscience
universe
information
molecule
reason
earth
energy
cell
instinct
   life
matter
organ
body
civilization D

13. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Double Hierarchy of Reality
Micro- cosm (person)
Meso- cosm (culture)
Macro- cosm
(nature)
Super- cosm (supernature)
Meta- cosm (God)
Spirit
Revelation
Source
Substance
Conscience
Normative
culture
Natural Principles
Supernatural Principles
Atributes
Conscious-ness
Symbolic Culture
Natural
Laws
Supernatural
Commands
Behavior
Social Culture
Natural Phenomena
Supernatural Phenomena
Actions
Body
Material Culture
Material Nature
Supernatural matter
Creation

14. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Tazkiyah Al-Madaniyah
إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ
Verily, God does not change men's condition unless they change their inner selves;
(Al-Ra’d 11)
Rukun 1
Rukun 2
Rukun 3
Rukun 4
Rukun 5
Syahadat
Shalat
Shaum
Zakat
Hajj
‘Ubudiyah
Mu’amalah
Tazkiyah al-Nafsi
Tazkiyah al-Jama’ati
Tazkiyah al-Ijtima’i
Tazkiyah
al-Ummati
al-Madaniyati
nafs
qawm
mujmah
ummah
madaniyah

15. Generalized Integral Evolution
Evolution of Biological System
Evolution of planetary Gaia
Evolution of Technolo-gical System
Evolution of Human Civilization
Function: organismic analogy
Praebiotic
Geosphere
Organic (hand/feeti)
Praetechnic (tribal)
Material storage: flesh and bones
Unicellular
Microbiosphere
Periorganic (tools)
Prototechnic (rural)
Material carrier:: blood cells
Plant
Fytosphere
Paraorganic (engine)
Eotechnic (urban)
Energy receiver: lung
Animal
Zoosphere
Semiorganic (machine)
Paleotechnic (national)
Energy converter/distributor: heart
Human
Anthropophere
Superorganic (media)
Neotechnic (regional)
Information storage / processor: neural cells
Technology
Technophere
Megaorganic (computer)
Megatechnic (global)
Information processor / distributor: brain
Civilization
Ideophere
Metaorganic (internet)
Metatechnic (universal)
Values fulfillment: spirit

16. Universal Evolutionary Process
System
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 6
Physics
Quantum Vacuum
Quark
Nucleon
Nuclei
Atom
Molecule
Chemistry
Monoatomic molecule
Polyatomic molecule
Simple molecule
Complex organic molecule
Polymer
biopolymer
Geology
Geosphere
Fitosphere
Zoosphere
Anthropo-sphere
Techno-sphere
Ideo- sphere
Biology
Single Cell
Colony of Cells
Single organ
Group of organs
Segmented organs
System of organs
Sociology
Proto-technic
Eo-technic
Paleo-technic
Neo-technic
Mega-technic
Meta-technic
Technology
Periorganic
Paraorganic
Semiorganic
Superorganic
Megaorganic
Metaorganic

17. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Universal Evolutionary Integrality
Existential
stages
Part (sub-system)
Organism (system)
Environment (super-system)
Source
vacuum
soul
superspace
Values
  particle
conscience
cosm
Information
molecule
reason
earth
Energy
cell
instinct
   biosphere
Matter
organ
body
civilization

18. Structure of Reality الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا
إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ
who, when calamity befalls them, say,
"Verily, unto God do we belong and, verily, unto Him we shall return.
(Al Baqarah 156)

19. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Dynamic Integrality
Absolute Reality
Envolution (Illumination)
Evolution (Creation)
Involution
(Emanation)
Devolution (Destruction)
Relative Actuality

20. ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Tawhid al-Wahdatiyah
Allah
Uluhiyah
Tasyahhud Ta’abbud
Tazkiyah Tazkiyah al-ijtima’i al-nafsi
Qawm Nafs al-Marhamah al-Mardhiyah
Ta’alum Tasyakur Culture(science)(technology)Art
Diniyah
Mu’amalah
Nas Collective
Insan Universal
Nafs Individual
Madaniyah
Rububiyah
Alam

21. Tawhid Wahdatiyah
ALLAH ==> Tawhid Uluhiyah Al-RABB ==> Tawhid Rububiyah AL-RAHMAN ==> Tawhid Mu’amalah AL-RAHIM ==> Tawhid Madaniyah AL-MALIK ==> Tawhid Diniyah