1. SSUSH 13
The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era.

2. Characteristics
Definition
The movement that called for more government action in the regulation of business, and called for laws governing morality, and city development to improve societies ills.
Minimum Wage laws
Child labor laws
40 hr work week laws
Safety laws
Laws protecting unions
Progressive
Era :
Examples
Non-Examples
Meat Inspection Act
Laissez faire “hands off”
Conservation movement

3. SSUSH 13a
Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry.

4. Characteristics
Definition
Journalists that used writing to expose corruption, government scandal, or the wrongs in society.
Inform public
Influence government policy
Cause change in society
Muckraker :
Examples
Non-Examples
Upton Sinclair – Chicago meatpacking
Literature that covers up and hides scandals and wrongs.
Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard Oil

5. PROGRESSIVES - Those who supported the reforms (changes) of the Progressive Era. They believed things could be made better by government reforms.
Muckrakers- Journalists that investigate and exposes social ills like political corruption, Child labor, and social issues in their writing.
Theodore Roosevelt labeled them muckrakers because he said they stirred up & uncovered much of the “muck” of US society.

6. Upton Sinclair
Exposed the unsanitary methods used in the Chicago Meatpacking Industry.
Sinclair stated, “I aimed for the publics hearts, and accidentally hit its stomach!”
Theodore Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act after reading.

7. Significance
Influenced Congress to pass the meat inspection Act. Government regulated the industry by making it inspect meat and mark it to show it was safe for human consumption

8. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.
SSUSH 13d
Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.

9. Ida Tarbell
Ida Tarbell was a muckraker that exposed the unfair business practices used by John D. Rockefeller in forming the Standard Oil Company into a trust.

10. Significance
Influenced Congress to pass anti-trust laws, or laws to keep businesses from forming monopolies. The most popular was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. These laws were examples of how the government began to regulate businesses and industry because of political pressure caused by literary works written by muckrakers.

11. Other Muckrakers

12. How the Other Half Lives (1890)
Muckraker
Work
Subject
Results
Thomas Nast
Political Cartoons
Political corruption by NYC's political machine, Tammany Hall, led by Boss Tweed.
Tweed was convicted of embezzlement and died in prison.
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives (1890)
Living conditions of the urban poor; focused on tenements.
NYC passed building codes to promote safety and health.
Ida B. Wells
A Red Record (1895)
Provided statistics on the lynching of African-Americans.
NAACP joined the fight for Federal anti-lynching legislation.

13. SSUSH 13b
Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements.

14. Social Gospel Movement
Preached salvation through service to the poor.
Reformers such as Jane Addams and her Hull House of Chicago responded.
Encouraged government action and regulation of business and corrupt politics.
Encouraged social programs by the government

15. Jane Adams – Hull House Purpose was to help inner city “Urban” poor.
Immigrants learned how to read, write, and speak English.
Night school for adults, kindergarten classes for kids, clubs for older children, a public kitchen,

16. IMMIGRANTS
HULL
SETTLEMENT
ECONOMICS
MEDICAL
English Language
SOCIAL
LEGAL
URBAN
IMMIGRANTS

17. SSUSH 13c
Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.

18. Characteristics
Definition
Social and legal laws that were meant to separate the races in society.
Black & White water fountains
Black & White Schools
Jim Crow :
Examples
Non-Examples
Blacks had to move to the back of the bus to allow white people to sit up front.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Blacks could not eat in white restuaraunts.

19. Jim Crow Era Laws passed from 1870s to 1880’s in various states.
Took away newly won rights of African Americans- especially right to vote.
Examples: Poll tax, literacy test for voting, grandfather clause
Separate public facilities for races.

21. Booker T. Washington Founder of Tuskegee Normal & Industrial College
Encouraged blacks to seek technical training for jobs to be accepted into white culture.
Blamed black poverty on blacks and urged them to accept discrimination.

23. W.E.B. Du Bois Criticized Washington’s ideas
Encouraged blacks to seek higher education and become leaders (lawyers, doctors, politicians, etc.) so that they could fight discrimination in court and society.
Wanted immediate social and economic equality for African Americans

25. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Aimed to full equality among the races. Full civil rights for African Americans.
W.E.B. Du Bois helped establish this group

26. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Established “Separate but Equal” doctrine.
Ruled that it was not unconstitutional to separate the races as long as they had equal services.
Segregation (separation of races) legal.
Homer Plessy

27. SSUSH 13e
Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities.

28. Planks in the Populist Party Platform Direct Election of U.S. Senators
Party bosses controlled state legislatures that elected representatives to the U.S. Senate. To limit this control, the Populists proposed allowing citizens to directly elect U.S. Senators.
Secret Ballot
Privacy at the ballot box would ensure that citizens can cast votes without party bosses knowing how they voted.
Initiative
A proposal for a law that originates with state citizens and bypasses the legislature and gets on the ballot by the petition process.
Referendum
A process where legislatures place a proposed law on the ballot to allow citizens to vote law into effect.
Recall
Would allow voters to petition to have an elected representative removed from office.
Direct Primary
Designed to ensure that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party bosses.

29. Senators Chosen Elected
Before 17th Amendment

30. Progressivism

31. Progressive Era Federal Legislation
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906/1911)
Required that companies accurately label the ingredients contained in processed food items.
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
In direct response to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, this law required that meat processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and health-minded procedures.

32. Progressive Era Federal Legislation Cont…
Hepburn Act (1906)
Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, allowing it to set maximum railroad rates.
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Created 12 district  Federal Reserve Banks, each able to issue new currency and loan member banks funds at the prime interest rate, as established by the Federal Reserve Board.
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated that unions were not subject to antitrust legislation.
Federal Trade Act (1914)
Established the Federal Trade Commission, charged with investigating unfair business practices including monopolistic activity and inaccurate product labeling.

33. Progressive Era Amendments
16th (1913)
Granted Congress the power to tax income.
17th (1913)
Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators.
18th (1919)
Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol.
19th (1920)
Provided women suffrage (voting).

35. SSUSH 13f
Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.

36. Theodore Roosevelt Fought in the Spanish American War
Oversaw building of the Panama Canal
Led the Rough Riders at the Battle of San Juan Hill
Issued the Roosevelt Corollary (an extension of the Monroe Doctrine)
Preservation or Conservation of U.S. Natural resources.

37. Characteristics
Definition
The setting aside land to preserve it from the devastating effects of industrialization and the closing of the frontier.
To keep land from businesses.
Not allow homes or industry to clear trees and forests.
Protect by government law.
Conservation :
Examples
Non-Examples
Yellow Stone National Park
Land for mining, excavating for oil, gold, iron ore, or marble.
Yosemite National Park

38. National Parks - Conservation

40. SSUSH 14
The Student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century.

41. SSUSH 14a
Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast.

42. Chinese Exclusion Act
Law passed in Congress in 1882 to restrict the immigration of Chinese into the United States.
Was not repealed until 1943

43. Characteristics
Definition
The idea of opposing immigration of cultures that were different. Usually leads to violence and discrimination and based on fear of different cultures.
Do not like Catholics.
Do not like Communists.
Do not like Chinese.
Nativism :
Examples
Non-Examples
Chinese Exclusion Act
Equal employment
Civil Rights
Equality under the Law
Racism