1. German Unification
This was the most important political development in Europe between 1848 & 1914.

2. I. How were Italian & German unification movements similar?1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

3. II. William I Firmly against
But, when revolution broke out in Prussia in 1848, he ___________________________
then later he ________________________
Est. a liberal gov with a national assembly, but
Army reoccupies Berlin and he dissolves

4. III. Prussia Capital? 18th c. 19th c. Bismarck & “lesser Germany”
Deutsches (“German”) Reich in 1867 =
22 states of______________________
The above was the building block
1871 constitution gave huge powers to

5. IV. Otto von Bismarck 1. 2. Promoted Most significant achievement?
Unification Plan a) b) c)

6. Otto Von Bismarck Kaiser Wilhelm I

7. V. Danish War
“Kleindeutsch”
Schleswig & Holstein

9. VI. Austro-Prussian War (7-Weeks War)
Dispute over
Bismarck
Conflict
Naturally, Prussia
Keep in mind, Bismarck

10. VII. War’s End Austria cedes _______ to ______. Why?
Why is Germany lenient on Austria?
Prussia led this newly formed

12. VIII. Results of Austro-Prussian War
Germ. Confed replaced by
Paved way for
Austria reorganized as
Austria forbidden to ally with 3 southern German states, Bavaria, Baden, Wurttemburg

13. Hanover, Hesse, Nassau and city of Frankfurt
Austria agreed to
Legislature =
a) Bundesrat
b) Reichstag

14. Constitution of the Confederation
Why did a broad franchise NOT bother Bismarck?
How did Bismarck crush Prussian liberals?

15. IX. Franco-Prussian War
Bismarck now wanted
Religious differences b/t North & South?
Opportunity knocks!!!

16. X. Ems Telegram Isabella of Spain
Spain considers replacing her with Prince Leopold,
Leopold accepts
France strongly objects and issues

17. Nap III requires
Fr. Ambassador
Ems Dispatch
French
Nap III

18. So. German states
Treaty of Frankfurt
Alsace-Lorraine

19. Bismarck was opposed to this transfer of territory believing it would only provoke animosity toward the new German state.
Nationalistic perspective = most people in territory spoke German.
Iron resources!!
Militarily – shift away from Rhine helped Germany.