1. Ecology
Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

2. What shapes an ecosystem?
Biotic Factors
All of the living things in an environment.
Plants, Animals, bacteria, etc.
Abiotic Factors- non living things in the environment.
Climate
Wind
Nutrient Availability
Sunlight

3. Sunlight is the main source of energy for life on Earth

4. Energy Transfer Producers/Autotrophs Consumers/Heterotrophs
These are organisms that must eat other organisms for food/energy.
These are organisms that use sunlight to make their own food/carbs

5. Producer (autorotroph) or consumer (heterotroph)?

6. Energy Transfer Producers/Autotrophs Consumers/Heterotrophs
These are organisms that must eat other organisms for food/energy.
These are organisms that use sunlight to make their own food/carbs

7. 5 types of heterotrophs 1. Herbivore 2. Carnivore -eats animals
eats plants
Cow eating grass
2. Carnivore
-eats animals
Lion eating a zebra

8. Bears mainly eat berries and fish
4. Decomposer
breaks down organic matter-NO MOUTH
Mushrooms are decomposers
3. Omnivore
-eats plants and animals
Bears mainly eat berries and fish

9. feeds on plant and animal remains (Detrivore) (HAS A MOUTH)
Crab
5. Detritivore
feeds on plant and animal remains (Detrivore) (HAS A MOUTH)
Earthworms
Mite
Snail

10. Energy flow in an Ecosystem
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the
sun autotrophs heterotrophs
Last slide I talked about with period 1 10

11. Food chains show how energy flows from one organism to the next.
Each level in the food chain is called a trophic level.
Terrestrial ecosystems have 3 or 4 levels. 11

12. Food Chains Given these organisms create a food chain. Mouse Hawk
Wheat
Snake 12

13. Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer 13

14. Make your own With your team, make your own food chain
Start with a producer, then primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer.
Be ready to present in 3 minutes

15. Food Chain Video

17. Food Web
This links all of the food chains in an ecosystem together

18. Food Web Video

21. Energy Pyramid?
Only about 10 % of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level. 21

22. Where does all the energy go?
The other 90% is lost as heat!!!
Discuss with period 5 22

23. Ecological Pyramids Biomass Pyramid
Biomass the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.

24. Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of Numbers
A pyramid of numbers shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level.

25. Ecological Pyramids
For some ecosystems, the shape of the pyramid of numbers is the same as that of the energy and biomass pyramids.
However, in ecosystems where there are fewer producers than there are consumers, such as a forest ecosystem, the pyramid of numbers would not resemble a typical pyramid at all.

26. Carbon Cycle (Honors)-(shoulder partner)
How does Carbon get into the food chain?
How does Carbon get into the atmosphere?
What role do decomposers play in the Carbon cycle?

27. Carbon Cycle ALL living tissue has/needs some form of carbon
Plants take in CO2, during photosynthesis
Animals release CO2 into atmosphere during respiration(breathing/exhaling,digesting food)
Decomposers release CO2 as they break down/consume dead things organic compounds
Human Activity includes burning fossil fuels & vegetation
How does carbon get into food chain/atmosphere?

28. Carbon Cycle

29. Nutrient Cycles CO2 in Atmosphere CO2 in Ocean Carbonate Rocks
Photosynthesis
Volcanic activity
feeding
Respiration
Erosion
Human activity
Respiration
Decomposition
CO2 in Ocean
Uplift
Carbon is found in several large reservoirs in the biosphere. In the atmosphere, it is found as carbon dioxide gas; in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide; on land in organisms, rocks, and soil; and underground as coal, petroleum, and calcium carbonate rock. 
Deposition
Photosynthesis
feeding
Fossil fuel
Deposition
Carbonate Rocks

30. Nitrogen Cycle
All organisms need nitrogen to make proteins to live and grow
Soil bacteria called nitrogen fixers change nitrogen in dead organisms, urine, and dung (poop) into nitrates plants can absorb through their roots

31. Nitrogen cycle

32. Nitrogen Cycle Atmosphere is 78% N2 (gas)
Nitrogen fixation- N2 (gas) changed into nitrate so plants can use it (bacteria does this)
Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers

33. Weather vs Climate
Weather is the environmental conditions in a specific place at a specific time.
EX:Eastvale-TODAY-90 degrees, sunny, windy
Climate is the typical weather for a region year after year.
EX: Eastvale summers=hot, sunny, little rain
Alaska winters=freezing, blizzards, little sunlight

34. B D A C Riverside 5 day forecast-Hot, sunny, over 95
Newport Beach usually has cold, foggy, rainy winters.
In Rome, Italy right now it’s 95 humid, with no breeze.
Eastvale is supposed to get a lot of rain on Labor Day B D A C

35. Cause of Climate Climate is caused by:
trapping of heat by the atmosphere
latitude
transport of heat by winds and ocean currents
amount of precipitation
shape and elevation of landmasses

36. The Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect
Atmospheric gases that trap the heat energy of sunlight and maintain Earth's temperature range include:
carbon dioxide
methane
water vapor

37. The Greenhouse Effect Sunlight Earth’s Surface
Some heat escapes into space
The natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by this layer of gases is called the greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases trap some heat
Greenhouse gases trap some heat
Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and several other gases in the atmosphere allow solar radiation to enter the biosphere but slow down the loss of heat to space. These greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect, which helps maintain Earth’s temperature range.
Atmosphere
Earth’s Surface