1. UNIT 9 NOTES: civil rights
Chapter 28 – The Civil Rights Movement

2. America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 28: The Civil Rights Movement (1950–1968)
Section 1: Demands for Civil Rights
Section 2: Leaders and Strategies
Section 3: The Struggle Intensifies
Section 4: The Political Response
Section 5: The Movement Takes a New Turn

3. Presidents of the United States
#21 - …
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)
Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)
Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)
Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)
Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)
Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)
Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945)
Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952)
John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960)
Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963)
George Washington; Federalist (1788)
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
James Madison (1808)
James Monroe (1816)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)

4. OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Examine the issues of racial and gender equality in the struggle to achieve civil rights.
Objective 8.4: Explain the political response to the civil rights movement from President’s Kennedy and Johnson.

5. Chapter 28 SECTION 4 THE POLITICAL RESPONSE
Continuous civil rights protests in the 1960s gradually made politicians respond to public opinion and move forward with strong civil rights legislation.

6. JFK ON CIVIL RIGHTS
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Kennedy had voted for civil rights measures in the Senate but had not actively supported them.
As President, he moved slowly on civil rights issues, not wanting to anger southern Democrats.
Hours after Kennedy had given a speech against discrimination, civil rights leader Medgar Evers was murdered on June 12, 1963
This murder made it clear that government action was needed.
He was murdered by Byron de la Beckwith, who was finally convicted in 1994
After violence erupted in Birmingham in 1963, Kennedy introduced a stronger civil rights bill – but it became stalled in Congress
Medgar Evers & Robert Moses
utube.com/wat ch?v=YtluXoYa h5k

7. The March on Washington
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To focus national attention on Kennedy’s bill, civil rights leaders proposed a march in Washington, D.C. The March on Washington was held in August 1963.
More than 200,000 people came to the peaceful and orderly march, at the march, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered what was to become his best-known speech, “I Have a Dream.”
Despite the success of the march, Kennedy’s civil rights bill remained stalled in Congress.
MLK – I Have A Dream

8. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
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After Kennedy was assassinated, President Johnson worked to build support for Kennedy’s civil rights bill.
The house passed the bill, but civil rights opponents in the Senate stalled it with a filibuster. This technique involved preventing a vote on a measure by taking the floor and refusing to stop talking.
Johnson countered the filibuster with a procedure called cloture, a three-fifths vote to limit debate & vote.
With strong support from President Johnson (cloturing a filibuster) the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is passed in June, 1964.
Provisions of the Act
Title I — Banned the use of different voter registration standards for blacks and whites
Title II — Prohibited discrimination in public areas such as restaurants & hotels
Title VI — Allowed the withholding of federal funds from programs that practice discrimination
Title VII — Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin by employers and unions and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

9. The Selma March
The Selma March
To call attention to the issue of voting rights, King and other leaders decided to organize marchers to walk from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, about 50 miles away.
Violence erupted at the start of the march. President Johnson sent military assistance to protect the marchers.
When the march resumed, more people joined it, making a total of about 25,000 marchers.
Legal Landmarks
The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1964, outlawed the poll tax, which was still in effect in several southern states.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 allowed federal officials to register voters in places where local officials were preventing African Americans from registering.
It also effectively eliminated literacy tests and other barriers to voting.
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10. CRASH COURSE John Green explains the early civil rights movement
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11. The Political Response Assessment
Which of the following was true of the March on Washington?
(A) Very few demonstrators attended.
(B) Violence erupted and needed to be contained by federal troops.
(C) The march remained peaceful and orderly.
(D) The march inspired rapid passage of Kennedy’s civil rights bill.
Which of the following was a provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
(A) Withholding of federal funds to discriminatory programs
(B) Prohibition of literacy tests
(C) Banning of poll taxes
(D) Providing federal agents to register African American voters

12. The Political Response Assessment
Which of the following was true of the March on Washington?
(A) Very few demonstrators attended.
(B) Violence erupted and needed to be contained by federal troops.
(C) The march remained peaceful and orderly.
(D) The march inspired rapid passage of Kennedy’s civil rights bill.
Which of the following was a provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
(A) Withholding of federal funds to discriminatory programs
(B) Prohibition of literacy tests
(C) Banning of poll taxes
(D) Providing federal agents to register African American voters

13. FOR EXTRA STUDY AND LEARNING
The Civil Rights in Ten Minutes
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